


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 






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GOVE'S 

Horse Owners einci Farmers 

Veterinary at Home. 

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE 
GENERAL DISEASES OF 

Horses and Cattle, 



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GEO. H. GOVE, V. S., 



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3HT ^SJc 

MASSILLON, OHIO. 



NEWSTETTER & CO., PRINTERS, MASSILLON, OHIO. 

1889. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889, by 

GEO. H. GOVE. V. S., 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. 

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 






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INTRODUCTION. 



This book is written as a guide for the use of Gove's 
Veterinary Ketnedies prescribed herein, 

'The plain diagnosis of diseases and their treatment 
is intended to be such as the author believes is needed 
by every horse owner and farmer in the country, 

The combination of remedies, explanations, pre- 
scriptions and directions, for the treatment of all com- 
mon diseases of horses and cattle, is based upon the 
waiter's own experience and practice since 1866, up to 
the compiling of this work for publication, 

The testimonials contained herein, are conclusive 
evidence of the merits of Gove's Kemedies, and the many 
prescriptions given in this book are modern and relia- 
ble ; the doses are small but sufficiently large to cure 
and will not kill the animal. 

It is the hope of the writer that each reader of this 
work will find at least some information that will 
prove beneficial to him at some future time. 

The author's experience leads him to believe that the 
introduction of this work, in connection with his reme- 
dies, which are prepared ready for use, will meet a want 
long felt, especially among stock owners in cases where 
immediate and prompt action is necessary, at times 
when if the proper relief is afforded promptly, much 
loss of time, to say nothing of the expense that is saved, 
and also, in many cases, perhaps the life of the animal, 



LIST OF 

Gove's Veterinary Remedies and Prices. 



Printed labels, containing directions, with each package. 

Fever Remedy, - $ .50 

Cough Remedy, - .50 

Colic Remedy, - 1.50 

Liniment, - - .75 

Spavin and Ring Bone Cure, 1.00 
Tonic Horse and Cattle Powders, .25 

Price of this Book, - 1.50 



The above Six Remedies and this Book, all Nicely Packed 
in a Case, for $5.00 



VETERINARY AT HOME 

Ready for use withouta moment'sdelay. 



Cure Your Own Animals in Emergencies. 

Address all orders to 

Geo. H. Gove, V. S., 

MASSILLON, O. 




SynopsisiCurativeRange 



—OF- 



GOVE'S VETERINARY REMEDIES. 



Fever Remedy. 



Cures all inflammatory diseases, in their acute stages. 
Fevers with quick, strong pulse; (see chapter on pulse ) 
congestive chills, quick breathing; painful, difficult or op- 
pressed resperation: heat of body; cold legs and ears; con- 
gestion, or inflammation of the lungs; will break up lung 
fever in the early stage, and cure pleurisy, sore throat; 
severe colds: all coughs in their acute stages; the remedy 
for distempers, influenza — or "pinkeye :*' laryngitis, 
bronchitis, congestion or inflammation of the digestive 



COUGH REMEDY. 



mucus membranes; (stomach or bowels) congestion of 
the brain or spine; acute diseases of the urinary or gen- 
erative organs; milk fever in cows; (see Milk Fever). 
In short, it is the sheet-anchor for all acute inflammations. 



Cough Remedy. 



Cures sub-acute coughs. For all acute coughs 
prolonged, which have not been entirely cured by the Fever 
Remedy, in the acute stage. In second stages of lung- 
fever, give alternatly with Fever Remedy, [see Lung 
Fever] For all second stages of diseased conditions of the 
air passages, after acute symptoms have been removed by 
the use of the Fever Remedy, or alternately with that 
remedy; for sub-acute and chronic laryngitis, bronchitis, 
and heaves; the hacking, troublesome, dry, racking coughs: 
will loosen the coughs, give relief and will cure all curable 
rases. See diseases, directions, etc. 




Colic Remedy. 

The old reliable "Veterniary at Home, in Emergen- 
cies." "A dose in time saves nine." Cures all forms of 
colic spasmodic and flatulent. Acute indigestion, known 



LINIMENT. 9 

by the animal belching up gas from the stomach [called 
hoven in cattle]. Colic from retention of urine; colic with 
diarrhoea; scours, or diarrhoea not attended with colic. 
For inflammation of the bowels give alternately with the 
Fever Remedy. See colic in its differnt forms, and inflam- 
mation of the bowels. Printed labels, directions, doses, etc., 
attached to each bottle. Also see testimonials elsewhere in 
this work. 



Liniment. 



For acute sprains and injuries, such as falls, blows, 
fractures, and bruises; enlargement of joints, sprained ten- 
dons, lame back: inflamed and sore shoulders; swollen 
limbs; rheumatism, and all local inflammations where an 
application is required to remove fever and congestion. 
Beware of counter irritants and blisters. Remove all 
fever and inflammation before resorting to the use of any 
strong application. 



SpAvin and Ring Bone Cure. 



A blister vesicant and absorbent; cures the lameness 
and leaves no scar. To be used after the fever soreness 
and all inflammation has first been removed by fomentations 
and applications of my Liniment, diluted, as per directions. 
Cures bone spavin, ring bone, side bones, splints, curb, and 
deep-seated inflammations, from sprains which have not 



10 HORSE AND CATTLE POWDERS. 

been entirely cured by the use of the Liniment. Also 
removes all removable enlargements, if the preparatory 
treatment is properly attended to. This remedy is pre- 
pared and sold ready for use. It is no great secret, and it is 
held in great repute by Veterinary Surgeons, wherever 
tried, as a most excellent blister for the various diseases for 
which it is herein recommended. 




Tonic Horse and Cattle Powders. 

Under the name of condition powders, alterative, etc., 
large quantities of secret preparations are sold throughout 
the country, which are always composed of much the same 
materials, variously disguised; Arsenic, Sulphur, Saltpetre, 
Antimony, Copperas, etc., bulked up with oil meal or wheat 
bran, perfumed with Fenugreek; tablespoonful doses to be 
mixed in all animal food, from the horse down to pig and 
chicken feed. For a time they may cause the appearance 
of health and vigor to the animal, followed by prostration 
and disease. Scientific practitioners do not approve of 
doaping healthy animals with nostrums. Gove's Horse 
Powders are vegetable; when there is loss of appetite 



HORSE AND CATTLE POWDERS. 11 

they improve digestion. Good digestion means good 
health. The powders can be given dry on the tongue, when 
the animal is off his feed. 

At any time when horses or cattle are out of condition 
and require a tonic or alterative, the powders are called 
for in doses prescribed; they contain no bran or corn meal 
and a teaspoonful is sufficient. 




How to Locate Diseases. 



Every horse owner and farmer should first understand 
the animal's pulse in health. Read and carefully note the 
following: 



'£> " 



Pulse in Health. 



The pulse of the horse or ox is felt on the inner angle 
of the lower jaw, as being the most convenient place. 
The state of the pulse tells the condition of the heart; the 
amount of fever, whether the disease is of an exalted or 
depressed character, or whether sickness is at all present; 
it is more frequent in young than in old animals; in the full 



PULSE IN HEALTH. 13 

grown and healthy horse it beats from 36 to 40 per minute; 
in the mule 46; in the ox 45 to 50; sheep and pigs 70; in 
the dog 90. The healthy breathing in animals, on the 
average is nearly in the proportion of one act of breathing 
to four beats of the pulse. Hence in all cases where the 
pulse is above the natural standard, the fever medicine 
should be given. If no other symptoms are observed 
no other remedy need be administered. In cases where 
the pulse is low and feeble stimulants or tonics should be 
given. Study the pulse in health and know when there is 
danger in disease. If the pulse is rapid, full and hard, 
there is high fever or acute inflammation; if rapid, small 
and weak, there is low fever, loss of blood or weakness. 
If very slow we may suspect brain disease; if irregular, 
now fast and in a few seconds slow, we should look for a 
diseased condition of the heart. In the horse, taken as 
an average, there are ten respirations to the minute; in 
the ox fifteen; in the sheep fifteen; in the dog twenty; in the 
smaller animals they are higher. The pulse varies from 
the healthy standard under different influences and circum- 
stances, such as age, temperment, breed, mode of feeding, 
domestication, etc. 



Animal Heat. 



The temperature of animals. A hot dry skin in the 
horse generally accompanies a feverish condition; cold ears 
and legs are a sign of serious disease. The temperature of 
the blood in health is ninety-eight degrees, and any deviation 
from this, even of a few degrees is a certain sign of disease. 



14 SKIN AND HAIR. 

Posture. 



The position of an animal, its mode of standing and 
lying down are all significant. Indications of pain: The 
feeling of pain is indicated by the animal flinching when 
the painful part is touched; by the care which they take 
in lying down, w r alking or standing. 



Skin and Hair. 

The skin and hair, in its general feeling and appear- 
ance is an important guide to the condition of the animal. 
A dry scurfy appearance is a symptom of indigestion and 
hide bound. When, in an attack of disease, the skin 
becomes covered with a cold sweat, the life of the animal 
is in great clanger. 



How to Give the Medicine. 



Use for drenching a one ounce bottle. The use of 
the large long neck bottle, and pulling the horses head 
up to a beam and forcing down a large dose, is an old 
bungling method, very irritating to the animal. Many a 
horse has been killed by forcing the medicine into the lungs 
in this way. With the small bottle the dose should be given 
by placing the right hand under the lower jaw raising the 
head, not too high, and w ith the left hand place the medicine 
slowly on the tongue, keeping the head elevated a 



THE DOSE. 15 

little until the medicine is taken. This is easlily done, the 
medicine being absorbed and a medicinal effect is the 
result; without deranging the digestive organs by forcing 
a big dose into the stomach, or down the wind pipe into 
the lungs. In cases where horses eat their feed, the remedy 
can be given on a small handful of dry bran before or after 
feed. 



How Often to Give the Dose. 



In acute diseases it is necssary to repeat the dose 
frequently, every fifteen, twenty or thirty minutes, for a few 
doses, if attended with great danger; then every hour, or 
two and three hours, according to the violence of the 
symptoms. When the remedy is adapted to the disease, 
improvement will set in, in the majority of cases, after a few- 
doses. Then it follows that the remedy must be given less 
frequently than before. 




Diseases of the Brain and 
Nervous System. 



' KZS&AD * 

Sleepy Staggers, 



The horse is stupid; eats very slow: hangs the head; 
eyes closed; slow, nois\ T , or snoring breathing; pulse very 
slow. If you ask him to move, he is slow to comprehend 
your meaning; constipation of the bowels always accom- 
panies this disease, which is often due to impaired digestion. 



Treatment. 



Give an injection of warm water and castile soap — about 
two-thirds of a bucketful: mix a small handful of salt in the 
water. This will move the bowels. Take tincture Nux 



MAD STAGGERS. 17 

Vomica, one drachm (60 drops) ; mix in one pint of water, 
and give one ounce of this mixture every three hours, re- 
peating the warm water injection every six or twelve hours. 
Should there be no improvement in twenty-four hours, take 
Tincture Opium, one drachm (60 drops) ; mix in one pint of 
water; oive one ounce alternately with the Nux Vomica 
mixture, every two or three hours. Should a change for 
the worse take place, pulse become more rapid, breathing 
short and quick; horse raising his head and pushing it into 
the corner of his stall; head hot, symptoms of congestion of 
the brain, give the Fever Remedy every thirty or sixty 
minutes, until a change takes place for the better. At this 
stage of the disease cold, wet cloths should be placed on the 
head over the brain. Should there be obstinate constipation 
of the bowels, the following purgative may be given, at one 
dose : Raw Linseed Oil, one pint ; Croton Oil, twenty drops ; 
mix. Try the injection first, however, as it is much better 
in connection with the Nux Vomica and Opium, and seldom 
fails to give relief in the early stages : but if it is found nec- 
essary, give the above purgative. When there is an im- 
provement noticeable, give the medicine at longer intervals 
between doses. 




Mad Staggers. 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 

In some cases the svmptoms are terrible to witness. 



18 MEGRIMS— EPILEPSY. 

This disease is not of frequent occurrence. It is caused by 
some lesion of the brain, exposure to great heat, injury in- 
flicted on the head, and is sometimes caused by a complica- 
tion of diseases. The Fever Remedy should be used for 
the congestion, and inflammatory condition of the brain. 
Pulse full and frequent; mouth hot and dry; fierce express- 
ion; dilated pupils; furious delirum, during which the ani- 
mal plunges and knocks himself about. Give a dose of 
Fever Remedy every thirty minutes, for from four to six 
doses, and then from one to two hours. Cold wet cloths 
applied to the head often produces good effect. Bleeding 
and purgatives are recommended by many writers. Em- 
ploy a good veterinary surgeon, if there is one to be had. 
Remove the animal to safe quarters, so that other horses 
may not be injured by his violence, and great care should 
be taken by the attendant while caring for the animal. 



Megrims— Epilepsy, 

Resemble epileptic fits it the human being, and, as a 
rule, they are incurable. There should be regularity in 
feeding and great care exercised in driving. We would 
recommend Tinctures of Belladonna and Nux Vomica. 
Take one half drachm (30 drops) of each, mix in one pint 
of water and give one tablespoonful of the mixture every 
two, three, or six hours. This is a good palliative treatment, 
but take no chances with a horse subject to fits. The at- 
tacks are as uncertain as the results. 



TREATMENT FOR LOCK-JAW. 19 

Tetanus, or Lock-jaw. 



Is the result of wounds in the feet, and usually occurs 
from one to three weeks after the injuries. It is also caused, 
bv some nervous disease. 



Treatment. 



Give special attention to all wounds and injuries to the 
feet, [see Diseases and Treatment of the Feet]. The first 
symptoms and test for lock-jaw: Standing in front of the 
horse, raise his head; the haw (the winking membrane) of 
the eye, that covers the lower corner when the head is 
raised, often nearly covers the eye-ball; any noise or motion 
to excite the animal causes rigid spasm of the entire mus- 
cular system; nose poked out straight, ears cocked up and 
pointed forward; tail elevated, and limbs stiffened, etc. If 
there is a wound in the foot, cut it out freely until it bleeds; 
apply a warm Oil Meal poultice. Give a double dose of 
Fever Remedy every three hours; lock the stable door and 
put the key in your pocket; keep away from the animal, 
except at .times of giving medicine; allow a bucket filled 
with water to stand before him, and give relaxing food; 
change the poultice once a day and dress the wound thor- 
oughly each time, with one half ounce of Carbolic Acid in 
one half pint of water. 



20 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

Paralysis. 



Facil. — Is confined to the muscles of the face. 

Hemiplegia. — Paralysis of one side of the body. 

Paraplegia. — Parlysis of the hind half of the body. 

Partial Paralysis. — A partial loss of muscular con- 
trol or power. 

Complete Paralysis. — Total loss of power, causes 
are : injuries to the spinal cord, congestion of the spine, etc. 

Spinal Meningitis. — Inflammatory disease, involving 
the brain and spine, with symptoms of more or less general 
paralysis. 



These diseases in their acute stages should be 
treated with the Fever Remedy, as per directions, every 
one or two hours, until relief is afforded, then less 
frequent as the animal improves. Also use the lini- 
ment diluted with equal parts of water and Alcohol, bathing 
the spine and effected parts. Cloths wrung out of hot water 
should also be applied, changing them often to keep up even 
temperature. Place the animal in a large box stall, well 
bedded with straw; if unable to stand, turn him from side 
to side every day; use slings only when the animal can, by 
assistance, stand on his feet. [See Azoturia]. After the 
acute stage is passed, pulse natural, say in a week, ten or 
fifteen days, and there is yet a partial paralysis, you may use 
the spinal, or nerve stimulant, tincture Nux Vomica, in 
doses of ten drops, in one ounce of water, every three hours, 
making use, also, of the irritant recommended for the 



DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 21 

cure of sweeny, as a local application to the spine and parts 
effected. Animals attacked with paralysis are slow to 
recover. The attendant must exercise great care and 
patience. 



Diseases and Injuries of the Eye. 



In Prussia, Austria, and Russia each worthy stallion is 
furnished with a government certificate, and under a penalty 
no others are allowed to serve mares. By this means such 
hereditary diseases as ophthalmia, roaring, ruptures, spavin, 
ring bone, curby hock, spongy feet, etc., are avoided. 

The enactment of such a law by each State Legislature 
of this country, would tend, after a few years, to increase the 
value of horses, and in a greater degree exterminate hered- 
itary affections, especially those of the eye. 

"Moon blindness" (ophthalmia) is hereditary and incur- 
able. The treatment is only palliative and when one is cer- 
tain that he has performed a cure, another attack occurs, 
, and so on until the annimal finally becomes blind. As a 
local treatment during the first or inflammatory stage, use 
fluid extract Hamamelis (witch hazel,) one ounce, and soft 
water, fifteen ounces; mix. Bathe the eye freely with this; 
take several thicknesses of soft cotton cloth folded to make 
a compress; wet this with cold water and fasten over the 
eye to exclude the light; apply the lotion every three hours; 
after the fever has subsided and the eye is discolored, the 
pupil may be contracted and there will appear on the eye 
what the owner will term a "scum," but what is really a 
discoloration of the aqueous humor [the first water in the 



22 DISEASES OF THE EYE. 

eye]; now take Sulphate of Atropia three grains, soft water 
one ounce, mix, and with a feather put a few drops into the 
eye every three hours the first day, every six hours the sec- 
ond day, and once a day for two or three days thereafter, 
keeping the horse in the meantime in a dark stable; use 
the Witch-Hazel solution to complete a cure; feed light, 
easy, digestible food. 

Never use any medicine in the eye of a horse that 
would not be just as applicable to disease in your optical 
organ. 

If during the acute stage of eye diseases there is fever, 
it will be advisable to give the Fever Remedy three or 
four doses a day for a few days. A few drops of the fol- 
lowing: Sulphate of Zinc three grains to the ounce of soft 
water, put into the eye with an eye-dropper or soft feather, 
or used as is reccommended for the Witch-Hazel, is also a 
splendid lotion. Also a good one to use w T hen the eye has 
been injured, three grains to the ounce, forty-eight grains 
to the pint of soft water, and use freely every three, four 
or six hours. 




Diseases of the Breathing 
Organs. 



KZJ< 



Congestion, or Inflammation of the 

Lungs. 



Pneumonia, or Lung Fever. 



CONGESTION. 

In congestion of the lungs, the horse is hardly tied to 
the manger before the symptoms are readily noticed. The 
head hangs; the food is not touched; the breathing is short 
and quick; feet and ears cold; eyes fixed. At this stage 
of the disease the animal may have a severe congestive 
chill. Prompt attention is very necessary in such a case, or 



24 CONGESTION OF THE LUNGS. 

your horse may be dead in a few hours, or it may termi- 
nate in a case of lung fever, which means a hard battle with 
this much-dreaded disease for from seven to nine days, and 
in the end probably the loss of your horse. Old horses sel- 
dom wsurvive a prolonged siege of lung fever. The chances 
for young and middle-aged animals with proper care, are 
always considered favorable. 

The necessary remedies should be kept always on 
hand, for when needed they are needed at once. 

Lung fever is, at times, rather lingering in its devel- 
opment. The breathing is somewhat accelerated and 
labored, and the pulse but slightly increased; the horse is 
dejected, with head and ears drooping; his legs are cold; 
stands with his feet wide apart; does not lie down or move 
about; eats little or nothing. Place your ear at his side 
over his lungs; you say you can not tell anything about 
that. First go to a well horse and note the peculiar sound 
as the air passes through the lungs; now examine the sick 
horse. Notice the wheezing, grating sound from the con- 
gested or inflamed lungs; this is easily done. In the first 
stages of inflammation of the lungs there is not much cough 
noticed, as the cough is suppressed on account of the pain 
caused by coughing. Soon as relief is given the animal 
may cough more. If it is a loose cough, it is a favorable 
indication, as it is evident that the congestion is being thrown 
off. You may have a case of bronchitis, or pleurisy, with 
inflammation of the lungs, or either, as different, distinct 
diseases. Bronchitis effects the tubes that penetrate and 
ramify the structure of the lungs. Pleurisy is an inflamma- 
tion of the pleura, the membrane that covers the lungs, (the 
lining membrane that covers the cavity of the chest). While 



TREATMENT OF LUNG TROUBLE. 25 

pneumonia is an inflammation of the cellular portion of the 
lungs. 



Treatment. 



For a congestive chill, give the Fever Remedy 
every twenty or thirty minutes until chill is broken; 
three or four doses will probably be sufficient. Blanket 
the horse; rub his legs and put on bandages, in order to 
bring heat to the surface. Keep him quiet: the pulse may 
run up to eighty or ninety: I have known it to be 104 and 
the respiration from fortv to sixty. .After chill is broken 
and pulse reduced a relapse may set in; high fever comes 
on : give dose every hour of Fever Remedy until relief is 
obtained. The horse will show signs of relief by holding 
up his head, being inclined to eat, changing his position, etc. 
As the animal improves give medicine less frequent. If, 
however, in from twenty-four to thirty-six hours there is 
not a marked improvement, and it seems evident that a siege 
of lung fever is unavoidable, pulse about sixty, alternate the 
Cough Remedy with the Fever Remedy, every one or two 
hours, and continue the medicine day and night. It may 
be four, six or eight days before a favorable change takes 
place. The eighth day is looked upon as the termination 
of the disease, for better or worse. 

Should there have been, as is often the case, inflamma- 
tion of the pleura in connection, hydrothorax may set in 
— dropsy, a collection of fluid in the cavity of the chest, the 
result of pleurisy — and the animal finally die from dropsy of 
the chest, During the treatment of the second stage of 



20 TREATMENT OF LUNG TROUBLE. 

lung fever, do not become impatient and increase the dose 
of the medicine. Follow the directions, for they are based 
upon years of experience. Let your patient take a small 
drink of water, or oat meal gruel, before each dose of 
medicine. If fevers crave water, then water is the souver- 
eign remedy, in moderate quantity. Note this, and don't 
forget the water or gruel in fevers and inflammations. 

When the pulse becomes more natural, give medicine 
at longer intervals between doses. As the animal regains 
his appetite great care must be taken that he does not 
overload his stomach with improper food. 

Remember, that it is just as necessary to regulate the 
food for an animal when sick, as it is for the human being. 
During the sub-acute stage [second stage] of lung fever, 
give oat meal gruel in place of water, if the animal will 
drink it. This is made by stirring about one pint of oat 
meal in a bucketful of water, until thoroughly mixed. This 
will help keep up the animal's strength. When convales- 
cent, give the Tonic Powders, and allow your patient to 
have very moderate exercise each day. All animals should 
be given a box stall during an attack of lung fever. 



Bronchitis. 



Congestion or inflammation of the delicate lining of 
the wind-pipe and upper air passages. A short cough, 
often suppressed and painful. In acute cases there is more 
or less fever. Sometimes the attack is ushered in by chills, 
quick breathing; the legs and body of an uneven temper- 



BRONCHITIS. 21 

ature. In some cases the cough is most distressing, being 
prolonged, dry and of a racking nature. The Fever Remedy 
is the proper medicine to be given, and the doses to be reg- 
ulated by the condition of the patient. If the disease is 
ushered in with a chill, treat same as for congestive chill, 
and then same as for lung fever. Should the cough be 
prolonged, in a few days alternate the Cough Remedy with 
the Fever Remedy, or let it take the place of the Fever 
Remedy; to be given at intervals as the state of the case 
may require, say every three, four or six hours. If the 
cough is the only symptom, and the animal seems well 
otherwise, use the Cough Remedy until a cure is effected. 



Pleurisy. 



This disease is quickly developed and it has been mis- 
taken for spasmodic colic. The symptoms are: Sometimes 
a chill and fever, occasional painful, short, and suppressed 
cough, and careful breathing, though not so quick and short 
as in inflammation of the lungs; there is a grunting respi- 
ration; ears and legs change from hot to cold, and from cold 
to hot. If the horse is turned short around he will seem 
stiff; grunt when moved, caused bv the pain in his chest. 
Will often paw with his front foot; lie down, but never 
roll, as in colic; gets right up again, and never feeds, as 
he often does when attacked with colic, between the pains. 
Pressure made between the ribs causes intense pain, making 
the animal shrink and often grunt. Bandage the limbs and 
blanket the animal as in lung fever, and treat with Fever 
Remedy. Give frequent doses until relieved, then at greater 
intervals until cured. 



28 LARYNGITIS. 

Laryngitis. 



Inflammation of larynx, accompanied with dullness, a 
short cough at almost every breath. A continual cough, 
with a slight enlargement under the throat. The horse 
resists a presure on the affected parts, and carries the head 
as though his neck was stiff. The breathing is hurried, the 
pulse full and throbbing. The Fever Remedy will cure 
laryngitis. Dose every one, two or three hours, according 
to condition of the disease. Hot cloths wrung out and 
placed in a cloth cut to fit around the neck and changed 
often, is very beneficial in severe acute cases, and the use 
of the irritant or blister in sub-acute and chronic cases can be 
resorted to in obstinate cases in connection with the Cough 
Remedy as per directions. 



Chronic Cough 



Is caused by a thickening of the mucous membrane 
which covers the inside of the larynx and upper air tubes, 
and is the result of neglected acute inflammation of those 
delicate membranes. Give the Cough Remedy every six 
hours. It will give relief and cure in most cases. In con- 
nection with the Cough Remedy, in long-continued, obsti- 
nate coughs, a blister applied to the throat, and down over 
the wind-pipe, if there is bronchitis, often proves of great 
benefit. The Spavin and Ring Bone blister, diluted with 
equal parts of lard well mixed, may be used. In about three 
clays after this application, rub on some glycerine, etc. 



HEAVES. 29 

Heaves. 



The symptoms are well known to owners and horse 
dealers, but the cure is not so well understood. Much has 
been said by authors in relation to the curability of heaves. 
Some advocate one method, some another; but in most cases 
the remedies are only palliative. In the treatment of this 
disease special attention should be given to hygiene. Water 
should be given often and in small quantities; the animal 
should have regular exercise; it should be remembered that 
a quart of oats contains as much nourishment as an armful 
of hay. Authorities claim that this disease is produced by 
pressure on the diaphragm from too much food in the 
stomach and bowels; hence its cure by lessening the quantity 
of food to occupy the same space. The treatment found to 
be most beneficial in my practice is the Cough Remedy. 
Give a teaspoonful on a small handful of dry bran every three 
or six hours, until relieved, then once or twice a day, and 
give special attention to feed and water as directed. Great 
claims are made for Tartar Emetic and many horses have 
been destroyed by its injudicious use — given in too large 
doses in the crude state. 

It does not require drugs in doses sufficient to 
destroy the animal in order to get a grand medical 
effect; bear this in mind and be contented with 
the doses prescribed herein, if you wish to meet 
with favorable results. never expect to force a 
cure, but endeavor to aid nature in her efforts to 
throw off disease. Boneset tea, a strong decoction added 
to the feed in the quantity of one pint, once, twice or three 



30 BURNS AND SCALDS. 

times a day; this is harmless and a good tonic from which I 
have seen good results. 

Prof. Law recommends the following: — Fowler's Solu- 
tion, one ounce; extract of Belladonna, one drachm; tincture of 
Ginger, one-half drachm ; mix in a pint of water for a drench ; 
give every morning for a month or two. I have then taken 
the same mixture and given an ounce dose three times a 
day, thereby making sixteen doses out of Prof. Law's dose. 
I have used this after my method with good results. 

Where there is a hard, dry, deep-seated cough, it can 
be relieved with the Cough Remedy as directed. Damperi 
all the feed during this disease, and give very little hay. Lime- 
Water, made by stirring four ounces of lime into a half buck- 
etful of water, when sprinkled on the feed in a quantity of 
about four ounces at a time, is beneficial; it is an antacid and 
will improve digestion. 

Prepare the Lime-Water as follows : Take four ounces 
fresh unslacked lime, and put in one gallon of water. Stir 
briskly, and then let it stand and settle. Pour off the clear 
solution and use only this. 



Bukns and Scalds. 



The best application for burns is, one pint of raw Lin- 
seed Oil, and one-half pint Lime- Water, (see Lime- Water 
for heaves) stirring together until the mixture resembles 
thick cream. Apply this mixture freely once a day to the 
burned parts; spread on cotton or linen rags for few days; 
then the sores should be dressed with Cosmoline Ointment, 



INFLUENZA— CALLED PINKEYE. 31 

in which has been mixed Carbolic Acid — about ten or twenty 
drops of the Acid to one ounce of the Ointment. 

Note the Lime-Water and Linseed Oil. This is 
an excellent application for watery and itching skin diseases. 



Influenza—Called Pinkeye, 

EPIZOOTIC AND DISTEMPER. 



When uncomplicated, consists of two factors, a gen- 
eral fever, and a specific affection of the mucous membranes 
of the nose, eyes, mouth, throat, and air passages. 

The animal is dull, off his feed. The pulse is quick- 
ened and feeble, the breathing slightly hurried, the mouth 
dry and hot; there is a congestive swelling of the 
mucous membranes; the eyes are swollen and tears flow 
dow r n the face. In some cases we find indications of sore 
throat: difficulty in swallowing; swelling of the glands 
between the jaw r s; frequent irritating cough. 

It is a peculiarity of influenza — pinkeye — that through- 
out its whole course there is depression of spirits, languor, 
and muscular weakness. The attacks of one year differ 
from those of another, and even at the same period, indi- 
vidual cases present different symptoms. During this dis- 
ease the horse is predisposed to take serious complications 
without the latter ever losing its specific features. The 
acute symptoms continue for a few days, more or less; the 
fever subsides, yet the patient is weak, and not in condition 
for hard work. Exercise should be given daily, as soon as 



32 INFLUENZA— CALLED PINKEYE. 

acute stage is over, but little or no work, as in very many 
cases too early return to labor has led to fatal relapses. 

The pulse ranges from 50 to 60 in this disease. In 
complications, such as congestion, or inflammation of the 
lungs, and in relapses, pulse will run from 80 to 90, and the 
breathing 40 to 50, and with such symptoms as the latter 
you want to look out. Use the Fever Remedy. In chills, 
dose every twenty minutes until chill is broken, then dose 
every hour until serious symptoms are relieved; pulse down 
to the former 50, 60, or less, then two, three and four hour 
doses, until pulse is natural, 36 to 40. 

During the acute stage of influenza, or any other acute 
diseases, the symptoms of fever, swollen eyes; sore throat, 
known by pain and difficulty in swallowing; swollen glands 
about the jaws; irritating cough: short quick breathing, or 
very noisy respiration; hot or cold ears and legs; heat of 
body. These symptoms, any or all of them, with high 
pulse — fever — call for the Fever Remedy. In a reasonable 
time, according to symptoms, should the cough seem to be 
the most troublesome symptom, alternate the Cough Rem- 
edy with the Fever Remedy, every two, three, or six hours., 
or let the Cough Remedy take the place of the Fever Rem- 
edy. (See indications for Cough Remedy). 

As a tonic w r hen the case is cured, give the Tonic Horse 
and Cattle Powders; also for any after discharge from the 
nose, or nasal gleet resulting from an}' catarrhal troubles, 
etc. It is often said by horse owners it is only distemper, 
and requires no treatment. This is a mistake; many horses 
are thick winded, whistlers, and left with chronic coughs, 
incurable, that could have been prevented and cured if at- 
tended to in time. 



NASAL GLEET. 3d 

Nasal Gleet. 



This is a chronic discharge from the nostrils, the 
result of neglected catarrh and colds. 

Treatment. 



The Tonic Powders will cure cases, if not of too long 
standing. I have treated obstinate cases with Sulphate of 
Copper, one ounce; powdered Gentian, one ounce; mix 
well; divide into twelve powders, and give one powder 
morning and evening, mixed in the feed. Inject into the nos- 
trils a solution of one and one-half drachm of Carbolic Acid 
in one pint of luke warm water. For this use a two ounce 
syringe, and throw about two ounces up each nostril once 
or twice a day. 



Glanders, 



READ THE FOLLOWING CHAPTER CAREFULLY. 

It will seem proper to make mention of this loathsome, 
contageous and infectious disease, following nasal gleet. 
Experience has taught the veterinary surgeon that all cases 
with chronic discharge from the nostrils, should be looked 
upon with suspicion: therefore it is well for inexperienced 
horse owners to have a careful examination made of such 
cases, before attempting any course of treatment. 

Caries of the upper jaw bones, at the root of some dis- 
eased molar tooth, sometimes causes an offensive discharge 



34 GLANDERS. 

from the nose, called nasal gleet. An expert will at once 
detect the true cause in such cases. Glanders and farcy are 
always the same — a contageous and infectious disease — and 
is not the result of influenza, catarrh, or so-called distem- 
pers. If your horses have had any catarrhal disease, that 
was not glanders or farcy, you need have no fears of its 
terminating in this dreaded disease. Glanders and farcy 
are incurable. The disease can be covered up in the sys- 
tem, to again break out at some future time. 

The three main symptoms of glanders are: 

First, discharge from the nose. 

Second, swelling of the sub-maxillary glands, in some 
cases adhering to the jaw on the affected side. 

Third, ulcers of a peculiar chancrous character in 

THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE SEPTUM OF THE NOSE. 

The ulcers may be situated too high to be seen. Note 
the third symptom, which, if present and fully developed, 
the diagnosis glanders is established beyond a doubt. Much 
has been written about the discharge, its character, etc.; 
also about the enlarged glands. There is one thing notice- 
able in the glands, they never suppurate, even if blistered 
severely, as the enlarged glands do in influenza. Under- 
stand me to say, that with all the symptoms of glanders, 
and the peculiar, scooped out, ragged edged ulcers, (not 
visible) proof is wanting, unless circumstantial evidence 
show it to be a case of glanders — the ulcers must be there 
or there is room for doubt. Farcy is external glanders; its 
seat is in and immediately beneath the skin, and in which 
boils (glander buboes) and ulcers of a very infectious and 
chancrous character, make their appearance. Shoot this 
case with a well aimed bullet. (Read the laws of the State 



GLANDERS. 35 

of Ohio relative to infectious and contagious diseases of 
animals). Use as a disinfectant, one drachm Carbolic Acid 
in one pint of water, or one ounce of the Acid to a bucket- 
ful of water. First scrub the manger with boiling hot 
water, then with a broom apply the above mixture. All 
the bedding used by the diseased animal should be burned, 
and the stable thoroughly cleansed and renovated. As 
glanders and farcy are communicated from the horse to the 
human family, great care should be taken in attending ani- 
mals suffering from this dreaded disease. 

In all cases of throat and catarrhal diseases (so-called 
distempers) separate the sick from the well horses. Exer- 
cise a little care and caution and you will prevent the spread 
of these diseases. Give glanders and farcy a deep hole in 
the ground and you will stamp it out of existence. 





The Digestive Organs. 



m 



MOUTH, THROAT, STOMACH AND BOWELS. 



The process which converts dry oats and hay into rich 
blood and firm flesh, is a wonderfully complicated one, and 
requires an extensive labratory. This great change is 
wrought during the passage of the food from the mouth 
through the intestinal tube, which, in the horse, is ninety 
feet in length, and in the ox nearly two hundred feet. This 
intricate and delicate process is easily disturbed, and hence 
the loss of appetite, impaired digestion, and irregularity of 



DISEASES OF DIGESTION. &l 

the bowels, causing colic, gripes, hoven, (accumulation of gas 
in the stomach of cattle, and acute indigestion in the horse) 
scouring, dysentery, inflammation of the bowels ; obstructions, 
such as hair balls, or twisting, or the telescoping of one part 
of the intestines into another; rupture, "strangulated 
hernia," etc. 



Diseases op Digestion. 



Indigestion is derangement of the process by which the 
food is digested; it is disorder rather than structural disease 
of the stomach. It arises from giving indigestible food; 
allowing too much food after giving too little; eating too 
much at long intervals; imperfect chewing; too rapid feed- 
ing; diseases, or irregularities of the teeth [see chapter on 
Horses' Teeth]. 

Dentistry is a very important part of veterinary science. 
It is food properly masticated that benefits the horse, and 
not the amount consumed. Watering too soon after feeding- 
is injurious; severe work soon after a meal causes indiges- 
tion, often acute, called colic [see Colic]. In deranged 
digestion the tongue is foul and coated, the mouth slimy. 
The appetite is unnatural; sometimes the horse eats very 
greedily, or may eat very little, minces on feed: drinks but 
little or may crave large quantities of water; takes one kind 
of food and leaves another, or prefers dirty straw to the best 
oats and hay. The horse soon gets out of condition, loses 
flesh, and skin looks hide-bound. He sweats easily and 
does not work as well as formerly, being weak and spirit- 
less, 



88 DISEASES OF DIGESTION. 

If the teeth are out of shape, no remedy, tonic or alter- 
ative will cure the case — the cause must be removed. Have 
his teeth put in shape. But if the teeth are not at fault, a 
tonic is called for, and Gove's Powders are invaluable in 
such cases. If the horse is off its feed, give an even tea- 
spoonful of the Powders . dry on the tongue, two or three 
times a day. Take away all the food, and feed very little 
at a time. Water before feeding, or not too soon after. The 
horse requires feed dry; in masticating, (chewing) saliva is 
secreted and mingled with the food, which assists in diges- 
tion. Soft bran mashes, are injurious to horses. Why? 
Because it is taken into the stomach as food not masticated: 
ferments, sours and deranges the stomach and bowels, and 
passes off as a laxative and irritant. Wet bran and oats 
mixed, is not good, the oats is not ground, and passed whole. 
If a mash is fed, it should be merely dampened, so 
that the horse will be obliged to chew it. Bran and oats 
mixed and fed dry, is better. 

The practice of mixing salt in large quantities with the 
horses' food, is a mistake; a tablespoonful given clear, twice 
a week is sufficient. Good oats and hay, with a small quan- 
tity of coarse dry bran added to the oats is best for road- 
sters. Work horses may be fed corn with oats to advan- 
tage, in cold weather. Ohio feeds more corn to horses than 
any other state, and can show more blind horses than any 
Northern state, to my knowledge. Horses can be fattened 
for the market faster on corn than oats. The city glue 
factories profit by it, and the call for additional horses from 
the farmer, is the only benefit derived from stall feeding. 



COLIC AND INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 



89 





Colic in its Different Forms and 
Inflammation of the Bowels. 




Colic is a common and dangerous disease caused by 
acute indigestion, arising from over-feeding or improper 
food, eating too rapidly, the grain not being properly mas- 
ticated; and often due to long, sharp, ulcerated and diseased 
teeth; the grain taken into the stomach not being properly 
masticated, ferments. The symptoms are those of colic, the 
horse belching up gas from the stomach; this is a very dan- 
gerous disease, and the result is a ruptured stomach, or con- 
gestion or inflammation of the stomach and mucous mem- 
branes. Flatulant colic is caused bv fermentation in the colon, 

j 

and watering too soon after feeding, washing the food out 
of the stomach before it is digested. Spasmodic colic is an 
inflammatory, spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of 
the intestines. 

In all the above cases you will And the pulse is natural 



40 COLIC AND INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 

except it may be quickened a little by the exertion. In 
acute indigestion the mouth will be dry and white colored, 
and the horse may turn up the nose and upper lip, which is 
a sure sign of derangement in either the stomach or bowels. 
In spasmodic colic the pulse is natural until colic progresses. 
Now it becomes quickened: look out for inflammation of the 
bowels. The mouth is moist and natural in spasmodic colic, 
while in inflammation of the bowels it is hot and dry. The 
breathing in colic is full and natural, except as quickened by 
exertion, while in inflammation of the bowels it is short and 
quick. The pulse is your guide in all inflammations. In 
colic it will be about forty, while in inflammation of the 
bowels it will be from sixty to eighty, hard and wiry 
before the disorder is fully developed. Every owner of 
horses should be able to tell the difference between colic 
and inflammation of the bowels. Colic is sudden in its attack, 
pulse rarely much quickened in the early stage of the dis- 
ease; legs and ears of natural temperature. Relief is 
obtained from rubbing the belly and from motion, with inter- 
vals of rest; strength scarcely effected; he will fall down 
and roll without fear of anything; profuse perspiration often 
breaks out over him. 

In cases of acute indigestion — gas in the stomach — the 
horse is in great distress all the time, but in spasmodic colic 
there are intervals of ease, while in inflammation of the 
bowels the pain is constant, and at times cutting and grip- 
ing, pulse very much quickened, but small and wiry, often 
scarcely to be felt; legs and ears cold, belly very sensitive 
to the touch; motion increases the pain; constant pain and 
great weakness; the animal does not throw itself violently 
dow'n, as in colic, but lies down carefully and tries to steady 



COLIC AND INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 4t 

himself on his back. As it progresses the symptoms are 
augmented. The legs and ears get deathly cold; the pulse 
becomes weaker and imperceptible; the mouth gets cold 
and clammy; mortification sets in; the pain ceases and he 
may stand up a short time, but soon falls violently to the 
ground, and after a few struggles, expires. 

Immediate treatment is necessary. Cure your animals 
with Gove r s Colic Remedy, for all forms of colic — Spas- 
modic and flatulent, acute indigestion, colic from retention of 
urine, colic with diarrhoea, hoven in cattle, etc. 

Give one tablespoonful in equal amount of water, on the 
tongue as a drench, every ten, fifteen or twenty minutes, 
until relief is obtained, then every thirty or sixty minutes, 
until cured. 

For diarrhoea not attended with colic, dose every one 
or two hours. For colts or calves one-third the above dose 
is sufficient. Inflammation of the bowels and long contin- 
ued cases of colic with inflammation, pulse 60 to 80. Alter- 
nate this remedy with Gove's Fever Remedy, according to 
above directions. In the early stages of various forms of 
colic the pulse is nearly natural, thirty-six to forty per minute, 
and Gove's Colic Remedy will cure. Injections of luke 
warm water can be given every thirty or sixty minutes with 
benefit, except in cases attended with diarrhoea. A little 
patience is necessary, and bear in mind many horses are 
killed by large doses of different kinds of medicines. 



DlARRHCEA. 

Diarrhoea in horses, colts, cattle and calves. The 
causes which produce this diseased state are : Food of poor 



42, ACUTE DYSENTERY. 

quality, exposure to cold, sudden changes of temperature, 
drinking impure water, etc. For diarrhoea with colic, use 
Colic Remedy. Fever with diarrhoea, alternate the Fever 
Remedy with the Colic Remedy, give dose every twenty 
or thirty minutes until relieved. Then every one, two or 
three hours, until cured. In cases not attended with colic, 
doses must be given according to symptoms, etc. Starch 
or wheat flour gruel is a good drink in times of such trouble. 
Give water in small quantities and often, and feed dry, clean 
food sparingly until better. 



Acute Dysentery. 



Its first symptoms may resemble colic, but the violent 
dysentery which soon follows locates the disease. The dis- 
charges are watery and create a very offensive smell; great 
thirst; pulse high, and there is' more or less inflammation 
of the muscous membranes. (Stomach and bowels.) 



Treatment. 



Give the Fever Remedy and Colic Remedy alternately 
every fifteen minutes until the colic pains are relieved; then 
every one or two hours, according to the necessities of the 
case. Give flour gruel, which is made by stirring one quart 
of flour in a bucket of water. Allow the animal to drink 
often, of the gruel, a small quantity at a time. Give dry 
feed sparingly until better. 



INTESTINAL WORMS. 43 

When the animal has been restored to health give the 
Tonic Powders for a few days, to tone up the digestive 
organs and restore them to a healthy condition. 

For Colts and Calves. — Treat about in the same 
manner as for acute dysentery. Grive five drops of Fever 
Remedy alternately with ten drops of Colic Remedy. This 
dose is for very young or small animals, and in giving the 
medicine, you must be governed by the age and size of the 
patient. Bear in mind, it is much better to give one-half 
the dose prescribed, and oftener, than to double the dose, 
and the result will be much more satisfactory. In ordinary 
cases of scours the Colic Remedy usually has the desired 
effect. Give a dose every one or two hours; but if the 
symptoms demand it, alternate the Colic Remedy with the 
Fever Remedy. 



Intestinal Worms. 



These parasites do more injury to colts than to older 
horses; preventing a vigorous growth. The appetite is 
ravenous, but the animal remains thin and lean. There is 
often itching about the anus, which is shown by the animal 
rubbing its hindquarters against the wall. 

The worms that infest the horse are of several kinds, 
the most common is lumbrici — a long round worm — some- 
times gets to be eighteen inches in length; and pin worms, 
which inhabit the rectum, causing the animal to rub his tail 
against the wall. 

To destroy pin worms, take Carbolic Acid, three drops 
in one ounce of water; mix well, and inject into the 



44 BOTS. 

rectum about two ounces of the above mixture every 
third day. Three or four applications will destroy 
the worms, without injury to the horse. For the long, 
round worms, called lumbrici, take forty grains of San- 
tonine; mix with a tablespoonful of granulated sugar pow- 
dered fine; divide this into four equal powders, and give 
one to the afflicted animal before each feed, in a handful of 
bran. For colts, give one-half the above dose. Follow the 
worm powders with Tonic Horse and Cattle Powders, as 
per directions. 

Indigestion breeds worms, as filth breeds vermin, hence 
treat for indigestion. Tone up the system with good whole- 
some food and tonic treatment. 



BOTS. 



If you are sure the horse has the bots, (or colic) treat 
as for colic. The Colic Remedy is a sure cure for supposed 
bots. Give doses according to the condition of the patient. 
See directions for colic. When the animal has recovered, 
give the Tonic Horse and Cattle Powders for a few days, 
to prevent the return of the disease. 



Sore Throat. 



Sore throat is frequently a symptom of some more 
serious disease and care should be taken to ascertain whether 
it is merely of a local character, or a symptom. There is a 



AS A GARGLE. 45 

want of appetite, with trouble in swallowing liquids. The 
most certain sign is a return of part of the liquid through 
the nostrils when drinking. 



Treatment. 



For sore throat, take Chlorate of Potash one ounce, 
water one pint. Mix. Raise the head and pour about two 
ounces on the tongue; after a little allow the head to drop 
and the gargle run out; should the horse swallow a 
little it will do no harm. Use the gargle between the doses 
of Fever Remedy. In sore throat, where there is not 
much enlargement of the lower glands, rub coal oil on the 
outside of the throat, about a teaspoonful on each side. In 
cases where the glands are very much swollen, abscesses 
likely to form, apply warm poultices of oil meal to 
the throat, placed on a cloth cut to fit around the 
neck, and change the poultice every twelve hours. As 
soon as the abscess softens, lance freely, and if the pulse is 
not very high, there is no danger. Keep track of the pulse 
in all diseases. In cases of influenza or distemper, after 
acute symptoms are removed, should the discharge from 
the nose continue, or the horse seem weak, give the Tonic 
Powders. The Powders cure nasal gleet of not too long 
standing. 

The Fever Remedy should be given every one, two or 
three hours; the frequency of the dose must be governed 
by the amount of fever, and the condition of the throat dur- 
ing the acute stage. This medicine is especially adapted to 
allaying all congestion and inflammation of any of the mucous 



46 CHOKING. 



surfaces. Give soft feed during throat troubles, and allow a 
bucket of fresh water to stand where tho animal can drink 
often, if there is trouble in swallowing liquids. 



Choking. 



Obstacles sometimes become lodged in the upper part 
of the passage to the stomach, and when so lodged can, in 
some cases, be removed with the hand. But they often 
choke low down in the passage; the obstructions can usually 
be felt, by passing the hand down the front of the 
neck on the outside. The symptoms are violent efforts to 
swallow, the throat and neck spasmodically drawn up. If 
the animal attempts to swallow water, the fluid is returned 
through the nostrils. There is coughing and slavering, and 
the expression of the animal indicates great distress. 



Treatment, 



Take some raw Linseed Oil, Castor Oil, Sweet Oil, or 
melted lard, add some warm water; mix well in a strong 
bottle, and raising the animal's head pour some of the liquid 
into its mouth. Don't tie up the head or you might stran- 
gle the animal. This will cause much coughing but it will 
oil the obstruction; allow the head to drop and the mixture, 
run out, and with your hands gently push the obstacle 
down. If you do not succeed, give a little more of the oil. 



CHOKING. 47 

Ninety cases out of one hundred can be relieved in this 
way. Get the oil down well around the substance, and it 
can be easily moved downward. Be careful when pushing 
down with the fingers on each side of the feed tube, so as 
not to injure the parts. Do not resort to the whip-stock, 
or probang method, until you have thoroughly tried this 
plan. 




How to Tell the Age of 
Horses. 



From Two to Twenty-one Years. 



Read the following carefully. Take no man's word 
for the age of a horse, unless he raised the animal. As a 
rule, horses said to be nine or ten, are fifteen; and when they 
are called twelve or thirteen, they are twenty or more years 
old. 

When two years old the colt has twelve nippers — front 
teeth — and twenty grinders, — back teeth — making thirty- 



THE HORSES' AGE. 49 

two temporary, or colt teeth. These teeth are all replaced 
by permanent ones, between the ages of two and five years. 
The sixth back grinder, one in each jaw, appear at this time 
as permanent teeth. We now have the horse at five years 
old, with twenty-four grinders, twelve nippers, and four 
tushes — forty permanent teeth. The change takes place as 
follows: At two and one-half vears, or before the colt is 
three years old, the two center nippers in the upper and 
lower jaw are replaced, (the top of the four teeth come off, 
and they grow up to stay.) At three and one-half years, or 
before the colt is four years old, four more nippers are re- 
placed — two above and two below ; and at four and one-half 
years, or before the colt is five years of age, the four corner 
nippers are replaced also, so at five years the teeth are all 
replaced, and the colt can now be called a horse, with forty 
permanent teeth. 

Now, our guide up to eight years is in the lower nip- 
pers. At six years the two center teeth are full, without 
mark, (or cup) and at seven years old two more are full 
without mark. At eight years old the horse has a full mouth, 
the last two corner nippers being full. Sometimes, however, 
the corner nippers remain with a low place in the center for 
many years, called a fang-hole, being different in appearance 
from the seven years' old mouth. At nine years look at the 
upper two center nippers, and thev will appear like the 
lower corner nippers should at eight years. At this age the 
front teeth are broad and smooth. 

At ten years a groove begins to appear close to the 
gum, on the outside of each upper corner nipper. 

At twenty-one years old this groove has extended 
from the gum to the bottom of the tooth — eleven years to 



50 LAMPAS IN THE HORSE. 

grow through the tooth. The extent of the groove will de- 
termine the age, and can be relied on as the nearest guide 
to tell the age of horses. You can not be fooled very much 
on any horses' age after they are ten years old, if you use 
your own judgement and follow this guide closely. You 
have the experience of the writer, gathered from years 
of practice, with special attention given to horse dentistry, 
and the changes that take place in horses' teeth Horse- 
men are not experts on telling the horses' age, particularly 
after eight years, and often are badly fooled themselves. 

A word more for your special benefit : When you are 
dealing for horses older than twenty-one, as shown by the 
groove explained, examine their grinders. If worn out, 
look out! If sharp and uneven, or a long tooth noticed, 
front teeth (nippers) too long, preventing the grinders from 
coming together, the writer can correct all this trouble and 
put the mouth in shape, so that old horses can masticate 
their feed, thrive, and become useful. 



Lamp as in the Horse, 



The fact that the two-year-old colt's thirty-two teeth 
are all replaced, and eight more make their appearance as 
permanent teeth before he is five years old, is sufficient 

CAUSE, WHY AT TIMES THE COLT IS SUPPOSED TO BE TROUB- 
LED WITH LAMPAS (OFF HIS FEED). 

The teeth should receive attention, and like baby teeth 
in children, should, when loose and partially detached, be ex- 
tracted, in place of the cruel treatment often practiced of 



LAMPAS IN THE HORSE. 51 

burning the lampas. Horses that are unpleasant drivers, 
are made so by sharp teeth, which should be floated off 
smooth, to cure this trouble. 



Treatment 



For lampas consists in feeding soft food, and washing 
out the mouth with some astringent lotion, such as decoction 
of White Oak Bark, or with Chlorate of Potash, two 
drachms, mixed in one pint of water. Cutting or burning 
the bars is wholly uncalled for. 




Lameness in the Horse. 







What every man wants to know is where the trouble 
lies, and how to cure it. 

In slight lameness it is often a question which limb or 
foot the horse is lame in. Dropping the head when the 
sound fore foot srikes the ground, and raising the head when 
the lame foot comes in contact with the ground, explains on 
which side, and in which limb or foot the lameness is located 
in. This same rule applies to the hindquarters as well as 
the front. 

All cases of lameness, unless very slight, have their 
peculiar characteristics, both while the horse is at rest or 
when in motion. If there is a sore corn in the foot, or a 
bruised heel, the horse will not stand flat on his foot, when 
at rest, but will turn up his heel, causing the weight of that 
limb to rest on his toe. 



LAMENESS IN THE HORSE. 58 

Note this: The limb relaxed, the knee bent, the foot 
behind its fellow, indicates shoulder lameness. In motion 
the horse drags the foot, swinging the limb outward in a 
half circle. The old idea that the horse advances and points 
the foot, is a mistake. 

The lame horse that points the foot when at rest, heel 
slightly raised; resting the lame foot on the toe, has sub- 
acute, or chronic Navicular, or Coffin Joint Disease. 
If both feet are affected, then the toes are pointed forward 
alternately, and when in motion the animal strikes his toe, 
or toes, into the ground — travels almost entirely on his toes. 
By this his stride is shortened, and the muscles of the 
shoulder are thrown out of their natural use, and become 
contracted and shrunken, hence the belief that the horse is 
shoulder-stove, or is lame from sweeny. 

The horse that, when in motion brings his heels to the 
ground first, and has rings around the hoof wide apart at 
heels, running together in front, has chronic laminitis, or has 
been foundered in the feet. In acute laminitis (founder in 
the feet), the animal advances the front feet and stands way 
back on his heels, with the hind feet up under the body as 
far as possible, in order to take the weight from off his front 
feet. 

The horse lame from ring bone, sand-crack, inflamma- 
tion of the carpus, (knee-bones) or os pedis, (foot-bone) also 
in stifle joint lameness, will bring the foot down heel first 
when in motion. 

The horse with little or no lameness at first, but in- 
creased on motion, is lame from sore shins, side bones, splints, 
or disease of the knee. 

The horse that is quite sore or lame at first on motion, 



54 ACUTE SPRAINS. 

diminishing from exercise, is lame from spavin, navicular 
disease, corns, or rheumatism. 

Lameness is not a disease in itself, but a symptom of 
disease or injury. In all cases make a thorough examina- 
tion of the foot before locating the lameness. 



Treatment for Acute Sprains. 



The use of hot water, intelligently applied, will be 
found a very safe, simple and efficient remedy for allaying 
inflammations, pains and congestion. The principle is to 
apply all the heat the animal can bear, but not enough to 
scald or burn. This should be continued for at least half an 
hour for strains and sprains, applying Jiot cloths as bandages 
with dry ones over them, repeated two or three times a day. 
I use the hot applications in all local inflammations, and 
apply the Liniment diluted, as directed on each bottle, freely 
after each bath. 



Counter Irritants. 



After inflammation is removed, if the lameness 
still remains, the application of counter irritants, or 
blister, will be rendered necessary. [See irritant and 
blister, their uses, etc. J But be careful and not blister 
while the parts are in a state of acute inflammation. This 
is the great secret to the successful removal of blemishes, 
callouses and tumors. 



COFFIN JOINT LAMENESS. 



55 




Navicular or Coffin Joint Lameness 



A serious and obscure lameness in the fore feet, if 
neglected or not properly treated, causes a change of struc- 
ture or degeneration to take place in the parts, so as to make 
a cure impossible. Hence it is very important to be able 
to locate the disease and know how to give proper treatment 
in acute stages. 

When the foot of the horse is in its natural condition, 
the frog is its strong point of support. Paring, or the use 
of thick or high calk shoes raise the frog from all possible 
contact with the ground, consequently through the want of 
this natural support to the trog, great strain is thrown 
upon the tendon at every step or jump the horse 
makes. The foot is weakened, and inflammation of the 
lower joint and lameness is the result. 



56 COFFIN JOINT LAMENESS. 

How to Locate the Disease. 



The horse is examined, and finding no apparent trouble 
in the foot, you should raise the foot and place the thumb 
over the middle of the flexor tendon, on either side, as deeply 
as can be reached in the hollow of the heel, the foot being 
bent back, make a pressure; this causes pain and consider- 
able flinching; next, if the horse is taken by the head and 
turned short around, he will show increased lameness. In 
most cases the horse will advance the foot and rest it on the 
toe, the heel slightly elevated. If both feet are involved, he 
will alternate the pointing, first one then the other; when 
walked he will appear to be trying to go on his toe or toes. 
The inflammation of the internal parts of the hoof causes it 
to contract and become smaller than its fellow r . The horse 
will go worse when the heel is lowered, and will go better 
when the heel is raised, and especially so if the toe is rounded 
to aid mobility. Bear this in mind when he is to be shod. 



Treatment. 



Take off the shoe and put the foot in a quite warm 
bath for one hour: then take two parts of Oil Meal to 
one of powdered Slippery Elm; mix with warm water 
and poultice the foot, leaving the poultice on for twenty-four 
hours; then change from poultice to hour baths, and then to 
poultice again. Continue this course of treatment until you 
overcome all inflammation possible; five or six days maybe 
required to do this; then clip off the hair around the coronary 



FOUNDER IN THE FEET. 57 

band [about an inch wide will do] and apply Spavin and 
Ring Bone Blister; rub well in, and in forty-eight hours the 
foot can be given a warm bath. Use Cosmoline Ointment 
on the hoof to prevent evaporation ; pay attention to shoeing 
as directed; give the animal a box stall, and in about three 
weeks give the second treatment. I have succeeded in cur- 
ing many cases by this course of treatment. Be in no 
hum' about the blister; get the fever well out first. Use 
Glycerine on the blistered surface, instead of Lard. 



Laminitis— Founder in the Feet. 



The horse lifts his feet from the ground, first one 
then the other. The feet are hot. Pick up one foot, and 
the horse will not stand upon the other. In turning around 
he puts his front feet away out; stands on his heels, and 
places the hind feet up under the body to take the weight 
off the front feet. In bad cases the animal trembles and 
quivers, his eyes glare, his nostrils are dilated, and he often 
groans with pain, and sweats. His pulse is full, strong and 
rapid. His breathing is quickened, and he is very unwilling 
to move. If pushed backward will elevate his toes, (front 
feetj, throw his weight upon his heels, and run the hind feet 
up under the body. Sometimes he will lie down upon his 
side for hours, with his legs stretched out, apparently relieved 
by this position. Such are the symptoms of acute founder, 
but frequently it is much less severe in its character. 



58 FOUNDER IN THE FEET. 

Treatment. 



This, as is often practiced, is far more hurtful than 
beneficial. First remove the shoes from the horses' feet. 
This should be carefully done. Raise the clinches without 
lifting up the foot, if the horse is bad, then draw out the 
nails and remove the shoes. Should the horse be lying 
down, take the shoes off and let him lie. Place the front 
feet in quite warm poultices made of bran. The poultices 
can be medicated with Arnica, one ounce to one-half bucket 
of wet bran. If the Arnica is not at hand, use without. 
Wet the poultice with warm water every three hours, and 
change them every twenty-four hours. Give the Fever 
Remedy, a dose every hour, for twelve hours; then every 
two hours for twenty-four hours, and every four or six hours 
until cured. Keep the bran poultices on the feet until acute 
symptom [fever] is removed, then wrap cloths around the 
feet, using cold water to wet the cloths with. When he 
walks all right, and the feet are partially dried out, use Cos- 
moline ointment for a hoof Ointment. Apply all over the 
hoof and the sole and frog every day. If the case is slow 
in recovering, in a week or so, if the horse seems stiff, apply 
Spavin and Ring Bone Cure all around the hoof in the hair, 
about two inches wide. Make one application, and attend 
the hoofs with the Ointment. 

If the directions for the first treatment are strictly fol- 
lowed, no blistering will be needed. Chronic cases are ben- 
efited by cold bran poultices, or cloths wet with cold water, 
kept on the feet over night, following it with Cosmoline Oint- 
ment. Have the horse shod in all cases, the toe of shoe 
rolled of, [filed off J so the horse can travel on his heels. 



BONE SPAVIN LAMENESS. 59 

Bone Spavin Lameness. 



The symptoms in bone spavin lameness are so well 
known, I will simply give the treatment, which is as follows: 

First remove the fever by giving the seat of the disease 
a hot bath, about twice a day for a few days ; then clip off 
the hair over the seat of the disease and apply the Spavin 
and Ring Bone Cure; rub well in for about five minutes. 
Make the application in the morning and tie the horse up to 
keep him from biting the parts for twenty-four hours. In 
about three or four days apply some Glycerine to the blis- 
tered surface, using the Glycerine every day to keep the 
parts soft. Give the horse two weeks of uninterrupted rest 
in a box stall, and then repeat the blister, with two weeks 
more rest, and if not all right, have the case fired by a com- 
petent veterinary surgeon. The chances in young and 
middle-aged horses for a cure of the lameness is favorable, 
while in old horses, with few exceptions, spavin lameness is 
incurable. I do not fire in the first stage of spavin, but in 
cases that have been blistered, or w^here there are large de- 
posits, would recommend firing with the pyro puncture iron. 
A rest of six weeks is advisable, and then moderate work — 
no hard pulling or rapid driving. 

The shoe for a lame, spavined horse should be a little 
longer, the toe low and heel raised; this will ease the strain 
upon the seat of the disease. 



Splint Lameness. 

In some cases this is rather an obscure trouble, and 
often, as in the case of navicular disease, the horse has to 



60 SPLINT LAMENESS. 

submit to cruel treatment at the hands of its owner or some 
pretended horse doctor. The lightning liniments are rubbed 
on the shoulder and everywhere, except the right place. 
After a time the horse recovers from lameness, and the last 
one that had a whack at the case was the good fellow. It 
is natural for horses to recover from disease, arid the bony 
deposits are thrown out to repair the inflamed and painful 
disease; soon as there is a union the inflammation subsides, 
and the horse is over the lameness, as when the broken 
bone in man unites, the break causes a bony matter to be 
thrown out which repairs the disease. When a small splint 
is thrown out under the flexor tendon, the horse is quite 
lame, as it causes inflammation of the covering of the tendon. 
You pick up the foot and pass the thumb from the knee 
along down the splint bone under the tendon, you will be 
able to feel any enlargement. Stop and make steady firm 
pressure with the thumb; the horse will quickly show you 
that you have touched the tender place. While you cannot 
see it you can easily feel it, and cause the horse to show it 
is very sore. A strain of the covering of the splint bones, a 
bruise, an inflammation, as said before, causes the two bones 
to grow together; the fever subsides and sometimes the 
splint apparently has gone: swelling has gone; but a union 
of the bones remain. 



Treatment. 



Give the leg a hot bath and use Gove's Liniment, 
diluted as directed, morning and evening. Apply a bandage 
from pastern to knee, then turn some of the diluted liniment 



RING BONE LAMENESS. 61 

on each side of the bandage. See that the shoe is level, 
sometimes one side is higher than the other, which may 
cause this trouble, If the lameness does not subside in a 
reasonable time, blister with the Spavin and Ring Bone 
Cure, apply Glycerine every three or four days to keep 
the parts soft. Repeat this treatment in two weeks if needed. 



Ring Bone Lameness. 



The same treatment recommended for bone spavin 
should be used for this disease. If the ringbone is on the 
hind leg, use a high heel shoe, or a low toe and heel raised; 
if on a front foot, the shoe should be of the Roburg form ; 
the advantages are its rounded form; it supplies the lack of 
mobility. Heels of shoe low and the toe rounded sharply, 
which will enable the foot to roll easily or turn upon the toe. 
While ringbone is forming it may be somewhat difficult to 
locate the lameness before it shows an enlargement. Be 
sure in all cases of acute lameness, to have the foot examin- 
ed very carefully; being satisfied it is all right, look for 
navicular trouble by pressure as directed. Now examine 
the coronet joint at the top of the hoof; make a pressure 
with the two thumbs on each side, steady, hard pressure 
at the same time ; if there is inflammation it will be shown by 
flinching. Should you become satisfied the trouble is there, 
use the cooling lotion to allay the fever and prevent a deposit 
of bone. By locating bone spavin, ringbone, and splint 
while the parts are first inflamed, these diseases can be 
surely prevented. An ounce of prevention is worth more 
than a pound of cure. Bone spavin, ringbone and splints 



62 SIDE BONES. 

are all the same disease (Exostosis — unnatural growth of 
bone), caused by an inflammation of bone from a strain or 
bruise. The cure is anchylosis (union of bones). Hence, 
rest and quiet, to give the parts a chance to unite; the blis- 
tering and firing rouses the deposit and hardens it, assisting 
nature to complete an anchyloses, (union) and a cure of 
lameness. When a bony deposit is once formed, it cannot 
be removed. Horse doctors who claim to remove the 
above diseases should not be trusted. They are dishonest, 
or do not know what constitutes such difficulties. 



Side Bones. 



The side cartilages of the tore feet which are attached 
to the coffin bone (the lower bone in the hoof) at the back 
part, which in health are elastic from pressure, become ossi- 
fied, (changed to hard bone) enlarged and unyielding. 
This is caused by concussion on hard paved streets. It is 
claimed by some to be hereditary. The writer thinks high 
calk shoes the principle cause of this trouble. No doubt 
many horses are sore, and lame in their front feet, from 
ossified cartilages. 



Treatment. 



Treat as for inflammation of the feet. To remove the 
fever, use a bar shoe, and blister with Spavin and Ringbone 
Cure, use Cosmoline Ointment on the hoof and Glycerine 



STRAINED TENDONS. 63 

on the blistered parts. Two or three blisters over the en- 
largement, three weeks apart, will usually remove the 
lameness, though the animal will always have a slight defect 
in action in front. 



Strained Tendons. 



The tendons will be swollen, and the horse step on the 
toe. The limb must be bathed well in hot water, [warm as 
you can bear your hand in] twice or three times a day, and 
use Gove's Liniment, diluted as directed. Beware of strong 
irritants and blisters. In this case use a bandage after the 
baths, being careful to not bandage too tight. Continue 
this treatment until inflammation is removed, then blister 
with Spavin and Ring Bone Cure. A teaspoonful rubbed 
in on each side of the tendons is sufficient, and be in no 
hurry about the blister. In the majority of cases blistering 
is not required. Give the horse rest and time to recover. 
In some cases a high heeled shoe can be tacked on to advan- 
tage, to enable the horse to step on his toe and thus keep 
the strain off the tendons until they recover, and gradually 
lower the heel of the shoe as the horse improves. 



Curb. 



Curb is a strain of the ligament passing around the 
back part of the hock, and a swelling or bulging at that part. 
Here a great mistake is often made, even by practical 



64 SHOULDER LAMENESS. 

men. Never blister until all fever is removed, or you will 
callous and harden the curb so it can not be removed. 

Treat with a view to remove inflammation. For this 
use Gove's Liniment, diluted, after hot baths. This will 
remove nine cases out of ten, when the curb is first thrown 
out. Chronic cases of curb should also be prepared for a 
blister by the. use of hot baths, which softens it up and you 
get much better results in this way. As a blister for curb 
use the Spavin and Ring Bone Cure. No better blister is 
known for callouses and hard tumors. Have the horse shod 
without toe calk on the shoe, with the heels raised a little 
higher than the calks usually are. This relieves the strain 
upon the seat of the curb. Repeat the blister every three 
weeks, [it requires that length of time to get the ben- 
efit of a blister] and use Glycerine to keep the parts soft, in 
place of Lard. 



Shoulder Lameness. 



Ninety cases of lameness out of every one hundred are 
lame below the shoulder and hip. Symptoms of shoulder 
lameness are: The animal drags the leg with the toe on 
the ground, with an outward swing of the limb when attempt- 
ing to move; the limb is relaxed; knee bent; foot behind its 
fellow when at rest. 

Give fomentations and use Liniment, diluted, and give 
the animal plenty of rest. Continue this treatment making 
an application twice a day. If not all right in two or three 
weeks, apply the blister, [Spavin and Ring Bone Cure J 
giving the animal perfect rest in a roomy stall. Or, you 
may use the irritant recommended for sweeny. 



HIP LAMENESS. 65 

Hip Lameness. 



In hip lameness there is a dragging or swinging motion 
of the limb. Heat, swelling and soreness from pressure, 
over the joint or muscles of the hip. When the horse is 
moved backward he throws the limb outward. 

Give the same treatment recommended for shoulder 
lameness. Bear in mind, mistakes are often made in loca- 
ting shoulder and hip lameness. Examine the foot and limb 
very carefully before locating any lameness. This is a very 
safe plan. 



Rheumatism, 

Sudden lameness is its first marked symptom. Its lo- 
cation is in one or more of the joints — shoulder, stifle, hock, 
pastern, hip, etc. The affected parts are sensitive to the 
touch, and swollen. The breathing and pulse are both 
quickened in acute rheumatism. The lameness has a 
marked tendency to shift from one side to the other — from 
one front limb to the other— but never from a front limb to 
a hind limb. Chronic rheumatism is milder in character, 
and of longer duration. It has the same peculiarity of 
lameness, but is not so severe. When the lumbar muscles 
are the seat of the disease, it is called lumbago: and when 
the disease effects the muscles between the ribs it is called 
pleurodynia. Cases are met with very similar to the 
human sciatic rheumatism. 



66 SPRAINS OF THE STIFLE. 

Treatment 



Apply hot cloths to the affected parts, and use Liniment 
as directed. In acute cases give alternately with the 
Fever Remedy, the following: Tincture Rhus Toxiconden- 
dron, one teaspoonful in one pint of water; give one table- 
spoonful of the mixture alternately as stated above, every 
two or three hours. When the animal is better, give less 
frequently. 

In chronic cases give the Rhus Toxicondendron mix- 
ture, one ounce doses, once, twice, or three times a day; 
when better, one dose every two or three days. The 
counter irritant recommended for sweeny may be used 
for rheumatism, but only in chronic cases. 



Sprains op the Stifle. 



Sprains of the stifle are not of common occurrence, and 
is known by the animal dragging its leg, local swelling, and 
soreness from pressure. 

Give same course of treatment as recommended for 
shoulder and hip lameness, and rest the animal. 



Dislocation op the Patella. 



The patella (the bone in front of the stifle joint) may 
be dislocated, (thrown out of place.) The symptoms are; 



SPASM, OR CRAMP OF THE LEG. 67 

The hind leg is extended backward, the head raised; the 
animal can not bring the limb forward, but drags it along, 
stiff and immovable. By drawing the leg forward and 
placing your hands on the patella, you can forcibly press it 
into its place, after which use Liniment as directed. 



Spasm, oe Cramp op the Leg. 

Spasm, or cramp of the leg, gives rise to symptoms 
similar to those of dislocation of the patella, but on examina- 
tion you find no displacement of the bone. There is quiv- 
ering ot the muscles of the leg, which are rigid and hard. If 
the animal is forced to move, the cramp gives way. 

Horses subject to this trouble should be given five 
drops Tincture of Nux Vomica in one ounce of water, as a 
drench, once or twice a day, for a week or ten days; this 
will remove the cause of cramp in the hind legs. 



Lymphangitis— Swelled Leg. 



Inflammation of the lymphatic muscles and glands of 
the leg, usually a hind leg, comes on suddenly — sometimes 
with a chill, followed with fever. The leg becomes hot and 
swollen. On the inner side of the thigh and leg, down over 
the course of the lymphatic glands, cord-like enlargements 



68 SWEENY. 

can be felt, which are very sore to the touch, and if pressed 
upon the horse will pull his leg way up and seem to cramp, 
and will sometimes hop on three legs. As the swelling in- 
creases the pain and lameness subsides. The swelling pits 
from pressure made with the fingers. 



Treatment. 



Give hot fomentations twice a day. Bathe the % parts 
for fully one-half hour, following with a good application of 
Liniment, diluted, then bandage loosely. Give Fever Rem- 
edy every three hours for thirty-six or forty-eight hours, 
during the day. Soon as the soreness in the leg subsides, 
give Fowlers Solution, one-half drachm in ounce of water, 
twice a day for six or eight days. At this stage give mod- 
erate exercise every day. Continue the baths after the ex- 
ercise, until swelling is removed. Give relaxing food, etc. 



Sweeny. 



Sweeny — known to the veterinary as atrophy — is a 
wasting away of the muscles. 

The best method of treatment is to stimulate the affect- 
ed part, and give the animal gentle exercise. Many reme- 
dies could be given for this, but the following will be found 
most effective: Gum Camphor, two ounces; Spirits of 
Turpentine, four ounces: Alcohol, twelve ounces. Mix, 



SCRATCHES OR GREASE HEEL. 69 

and apply a portion of this once a day until sore; discontinue 
a few days, and apply again. In severe cases of sweeny it 
will be necessary to continue this course of treatment for 
some time to effect a cure. 

Bear in mind, a common cause of sweeny is disease of 
the feet, and the cause requires special attention. (See Dis- 
ease of the Feet). 



Scratches and Grease Heel. 

Wash the effected parts first. Then take Turpentine, 
sixteen ounces: Oil Tar, two ounces; Glycerine, two ounces; 
mix. Apply a portion of this mixture to the sore places once 
a day. In this way scratches can be cured in four days. 
In connection with the above, for grease heel, give the 
afflicted animal one teaspoontul of Fowler's Solution once 
a day, for four days, then every other day for ten or fifteen 
days. This can be given on the feed. 



Shoulder Bruise and Abscess. 

Foment by giving hot water baths, and use the Lin- 
iment, diluted. If soft, open the abscess and use a solution 
of water, one pint; Carbolic Acid, two drachms. Mix, and 
inject about two ounces of this mixture into the abscess, 
once or twice a dav until healed. 



70 POLL EVIL. 

Poll Evil. 

Poll evil is caused by a bruise. Reduce the inflam- 
mation by the use of hot cloths applied to the affected parts, 
and Liniment, diluted, as per directions. If abscess forms, 
becomes soft, lance freely before the pus burrows down to 
the bones of the neck, and inject into the opening a Carbolic 
Acid lotion, made by putting from two to four drachms of 
the Acid into one pint of water. For old cases use Chloride 
of Zinc, one-half ounce, mixed in two quarts of soft water. 
Wash out thoroughly by the use of a syringe, every day. 
In deep seated cases of long standing, an operation should 
be performed by some competent veterinary surgeon. 



Fistulous Withers. 



Fistulous withers is caused by a bruise, or injury, to 
the withers, resulting in abscesses and fistula. This injury 
exhibits exactly the same general symtoms as poll evil, and 
requires the same course of treatment. 





Shoeing the Horse. 



& 



Experience teaches the veterinary surgeon that the 
sooner he joins issue with nature the better will be his suc- 
cess. This is true in horse-shoeing as in everything else. 
The necessary evil of shoeing is the cause of almost all dis- 
eases of the feet. Horses can not be shod according to any 
rule, as no two horses' feet are alike. The horse-shoer, if 
he be an artist worthy of his trade, should know the best 
method of shoeing each special case. 

A few simple rules are: 

Shoe the horse low. 

Allow natural pressure on the frog from the ground. 



72 SHOEING THE HORSE. 

Reduce nothing but the shell of the hoof, and the 
superfluous sole. 

The frog, if not diseased, should never be pared. 

Level the crust, or shell, in conformity with the limb 
and foot; remove only so much of the margin as will restore 
the foot to its natural length. 

Leave the sole, bars, frog and heels in all their natural 
integrity. 

Fit the shoe level from toe to heel, and if calkin gs are 
used have them very low, keeping the seat of the corn low 
enough to avoid a pressure at that place. 

In regard to soaking, greasing, poulticing, and tinkering 
with sound, healthy feet, the less that is done the better. 

Should they need soaking and other treatment, on ac- 
count of disease, it will be necessary to apply hoof ointment 
as an after treatment. For this there is nothing better than 
Cosmoline Ointment. 

Contracted feet are cured, and contraction is prevented 
by giving the frog that pressure which nature intended. 
High or thick heeled shoes cause contraction. The frog 
descends, receiving no pressure, and the top of the hoof is 
drawn together. The frog finally becomes dry, inactive and 
the hoof contracted. 

Navicular disease, corns, quarter-cracks, thrush, wind 
puffs, and ninety per cent, of all the lameness in the feet is 
due to excessive paring, and high or thick heeled shoes. 
The first step towards a cure lies in removing the cause. 



STEPPING ON NAILS, ETC. 73 

Stepping on Nails, Etc. 



The wound of this character should receive prompt 
attention. Open up the orifice, or hole, freely, until it bleeds. 
Take Carbolic Acid, one teaspoonful, and put in one-half 
pint of water. Use a small syringe, and apply freely into 
the wound twice a day. Mix up a bran poultice, and put 
over the whole foot; change it twice a day for two or three 
days, in bad cases. Keep the hole filled with cotton wet 
with Acid and water. If there is fever give a few doses of 
the Fever Remedy. 



Inflammation op the Feet. 



Treatment. 



Give the disease special attention in the way of treat- 
ment. If it is a w r ound, a bruise, corn or gravel in the 
foot, cut it out freely and dress with either Carbolic Acid, 
or the Sulphate of Zinc, as recommended in the following 
pages. In all cases use a bran poultice, changing the same 
every twenty-four hours, and give the hoof daily applica- 
tions of Cosmoline Ointment as an after treatment. 



Thrush. 



Cut away all loose pieces of the frog. Wash thor- 
oughly and having dried the frog, pack the cleft and groove 



74 THRUSH. 

at the sides, with Calomel and Wood Charcoal, equal parts 
mixed. Repeat the packing daily. 

The Zinc lotion, one ounce of the Zinc to one quart 
of water, is an excellent remedy for thrush, and also for all 
diseases and injuries of the feet. 



Mange, Parasite Disease. 



This disease is highly contagious, and may spread by 
contact. It is caused by a minute insect and resembles the 
itch parasite in the human family. It first appears in the 
roots of the horses' mane and may spread over the entire 
body, causing the animal to rub against everything he comes 
in contact with. The hair falls off, leaving red colored 
points; the skin becomes dry and there is intense itching. 
The only cure is local applications. 

Take Carbolic Acid, two drachms; Glycerine, six 
ounces; soft water, one quart. Mix. 

Apply this mixture to every part of the body, and rub 
it well in by the use of a stiff brush. The next day wash 
the animal thoroughly with soap and water, and in a few 
days apply the mixture again, and in two or three days wash 
as before. If necessary repeat the application a third time 
and wash off in a day or two. 



Warts. 



If small warts push them out by the roots with the 
thumb nail. They will not bleed enough to cause any 



WARTS. 75 

trouble. To remove the large cartilaginous growth, called 
warts, with a neck attachment to the body, thread a large 
needle with a strong twine, pass the needle through the 
neck of the wart close to the body; take a turn or two 
of the twine around the neck, and then tie tightly, so as to 
cut off the blood circulation to the wart, and then with a 
sharp knife remove the growth close to where the twine is 
tied. Dress with Turpentine and raw Linseed Oil, equal 
parts, once a day until healed. Root out the small warts, 
and the cure is complete. 



Wounds and Injuries. 



^MQz 



Treatment. 



The most valuable remedies used in my practice, are 
the four following: 

Carbolized Lotion, Sulphate of Zinc Lotion, Cosmoline 
Ointment in which ten or twenty drops of Carbolic Acid 
has been well mixed, and a dryer in powder form to dust 
over surface cuts, wounds and sores, after the same has been 
cleansed with one of the above lotions. 



How to Prepare the Above Remedies. 



Carbolized Lotion. — Take Carbolic Acid, one-halt 
ounce; sott water, one quart, mix. 

Keep the wound clean, dress freely with the lotion twice 
or three times a day. 

For wounds that are inclined to heal too fast, take Sul- 
phate of Zinc, one ounce; soft water, one quart, mix. Dress 
freely, two or three times a day. This will prevent the 
wound healing too rapidly. The Zinc Lotion is a most excel- 
lent remedy for galled shoulders, necks and backs, and for 
sores caused by the crupper. Liverymen note the trouble 
in hot weather, caused by the crupper, (sore tails.) Dress 
wite Zinc Lotion, and dust on the following dryer after each 
application : 



BLEEDING WOUNDS. 77 

Dryer Powder. — Take Oxide of Zinc, two ounces; 
Powdered Chalk, two ounces; Willow Charcoal one drachm. 
Mix thoroughly. 

Put into a tin pepper box and dust over cuts, sores and 
wounds, after first having treated with one of the healing 
lotions. This forms an artificial scab, and causes the sore to 
heal nicely. Then use the Ointment, which will soften the 
skin, and cause the hair to grow in its natural color. 

Healing Ointment. — Cosmoline Ointment,two ounces ; 
Carbolic Acid, one half drachm. Mix. 

There is no better Ointment known for the purpose for 
which it is intended. 

Caustic for Proud Flesh. — Use Carbolic Acid, full 
strength. Apply only on the spot where needed, as it will 
burn and leave a scar, if allowed to spread over healthy 
parts. Apply three times a day until the proud flesh is de- 
stroyed. 

For foul ulcers, unhealthy wounds, or sores of any kind, 
use one part Carbolic Acid to eight parts of water, and dress 
freely with this mixture two or three times a day. 

Or, you can use Sulphate of Zinc, one ounce, mixed 
with eight ounces of soft water. Use freely until the proud 
flesh is destroyed, then weaken the mixture and apply freely. 



Bleeding Wounds. 



Often in my practice a hurried call has been made to 
stop bleeding from wounds, where an artery or vein has 
been cut. Take a sponge wet in cold water, and place it 



78 OPEN JOINT. 

over the wound, and apply a bandage tightly over the 
sponge. On the body, where a bandage cannot be placed, 
plug with cotton, and stitch the wound up tight. In twenty- 
four hours remove the cotton and dress the wound with 
Carbolic Acid one drachm, water one pint r mix. In 
In three or four days make the solution two drachms to the 
pint of soft water. A large artery should be taken up and 
tied. If this cannot be done, plug the wound at once, as 
directed, to save the animal. No occasion for alarm, but 
prompt attention required. 



Open Joint. 



Open joint is caused by falls, kicks, wounds, etc., known 
by a flow of synovia, (joint oil) which has the appearance 
of the white of an egg. Injuries of this nature cause severe 
pain and more or less irritative fever is the result, and the 
Fever Remedy should be given every three hours during 
the first and second days, according to the condition of the 
animal. As a local treatment take fresh Slaked Lime, very 
finely powdered, and apply to the wound and slightly press 
on with the fingers. Continue the application of Lime 
without washing the sore, whenever there is any oozing. 
Attend the animal night and day and make the applications 
as directed. The Lime and the oil form a hard adhesive 
crust, which stops the running of oil and allows the wound 
to heal. I have cured very bad cases by this course of 
treatment. Should it be the knee joint, fix a well padded 
splint to the back part of the leg, and secure it with ban- 
dages above and below the knee, so as to keep the horse 
from bending the knee and breaking off the cement. In 
some cases slings are required to aid the animal to stand. 



Azoturia. 



^©G: 



Horses which have been accustomed to hard work, 
allowed to stand in the stable for a few days, enjoying the 
same liberal allowance of wholesome food, may generate a 
greater amount of blood than the vascular system can care 
for. The vascular organs are then overloaded. Increased 
action after such a rest is an exertion which is likely to 
cause this trouble. 

Symptoms: The horse will start off lively, but is soon 
in a reeking sweat; he blows and heaves at the flanks; 
seems stiff, and may appear lame in one hind leg; drags on 
his legs; when urged to go on, goes down, and is unable to 
rise on account of having lost the power to use the hind legs. 

Should your horse have been idle for several days after 
hard work, and on being used commences to sweat profusely 
without cause, and becomes stiff and lame in his hind parts, 
look out! Unhitch the animal before he goes down, for you 
will have trouble if you push on. 

Cloths wrung out of hot water should be placed across 
the loins, and changed every fifteen or twenty minutes. 
The breathing is quickened, the pulse fast. Give three or 
four doses of the Fever Remedy every thirty minutes, then 
a few hour doses, and every two or three hours as the case 
improves. 



80 AZOTURIA. 

Should the animal go down from paralysis, call a veter- 
inary at once, and in the meantime furnish a good bed of 
straw. Put the hot applications on the back and give the 
Fever Remedy. The urine should be drawn by means of 
the catheter twice a day, so long as the animal is unable to 
rise. Hence the necessity of calling a veterinary surgeon. 

After a horse has gone down do not attempt to move 
him for two or three hours, and then move to a roomy box 
stall nicely bedded with straw. With little difficulty you 
can roll a horse onto a low sled or farm gate, which a span 
of horses will readily drag wherever desired. 

Continue the Fever Remedy night and day during the 
acute state, until pulse comes down to forty-eight or fifty; 
keep hot cloths on the loins, and use the Liniment freely. 
Dilute with hot water and Alcohol in this case, and make 
an application every three hours; cover with dry blankets. 
Allow fresh water frequently, and food easy of diges- 
tion. The animal should be turned from side to side three 
or four times daily, but on no account should be urged 
to get up; nor should slings be used, as the}' only tend to 
aggravate the disease and retard the recovery. When 
the animal is fit to be up, he will get up of his own accord. 
The disease usually runs its course in from three to six days. 
It is more fatal to geldings than mares. 

After the pulse drops down, give Nux Vomica in ten 
drop doses, every three or six hours, and put a stimulating 
liniment on the back. Use the liniment recommended for 
sweeny. 

In acute spinal diseases and paralysis, like external dis- 
eases, remove the congestion and inflammation before mak- 
ing use of stimulants or counter irritants. As a preventive 



AZOTURIA. 81 

of this disease, always lessen the feed while the horse is 
standing idle ; if the animal has been hard at work, be sure 
and not let him stand in the stable longer than two days 
without some exercise. Horses that are used every 
day are not subject to this disease, but there is always 
great danger to a hard worked animal that has been idle 
for several days, without exercise or decrease of feed. To 
rely on a horse that has had rest under the foregoiiTg cir- 
cumstances, see to it that you start slowly and carefully, 
until the blood increases its rate of circulation, or you may 
have trouble. 



Diseases of the Urinary 
Organs. 



m 



Diabetis ok, Profuse Urinating. 



Animals afflicted with this disease have intense thirst; 
the urine is passed often and in large quantities; the flesh 
and strength waste rapidly. 



Treatment. 



Take Phosphoric Acid, one ounce; Water, one pint. 
Mix. Give one ounce of this mixture every six hours, 
until relieved. As the animal improves give a dose every 
twelve to twenty-four hours, until well. ! Give flaxseed tea, 
and allow plenty of water, in reasonable quantities at a 



INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. 83 

time. Give oats, bran and clean hay, as feed, during the 
sickness. Allow an animal thus afflicted very little salt, and 
under no circumstances give diuretics — such as Sweet Spirits 
of Nitre, Saltpetre, etc. 



Inflammation of the Bladder. 



When there is fever, shown by the quick pulse, and 
there is frequent desire to urinate, and the urine is scanty 
and bloody, give Fever Remedy every one or two hours. 
If great effort is required to pass the urine, and but a few 
drops at a time with increased pain during its passage, take 
Tincture of Cantharides, one-half drachm, (30 drops) and 
mix in one pint of water. Give one ounce of the mixture 
alternately with the Fever Remedy, every thirty minutes, 
for four hours, then every one or two hours until much im- 
proved, and then less frequent until recovered. The use 
of drugs that act too violently on the urinary organs, often 
produce much harm and should not be administered. Allow 
animals afflicted with bladder or urinary troubles to drink 
freely of Flaxseed Tea. 



Inflammation of the Kidneys. 



This disease is most frequently caused by the use of 
large doses of harsh diuretics which stimulate and irritate the 
organs. There is fever, quickened pulse, short, quick 



84 INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. 

breathing. Back roached and £ straddling gait. Give the 
animal several hour doses of the Fever Remedy; then every 
two or three hours, and less freequently as he improves. 
Cloths wrung from hot water should be placed over the 
loins, changing them every half hour; also make use of the 
Liniment, diluted with hot water. Cover the wet cloths 
with dry blankets, and replace the wet cloths with dry ones 
when the former are discontinued. 




How to Buy Horses. 



Precautions to be Observed. 



In buying a horse the greatest precaution is necessary, 
lest the purchaser should be cheated. Every part of the 
horses' body is liable to defects and derangements. Horse 
owners often believe and will guarantee an animal sound, 
when the eye of an expert w r ould at once detect some un- 
soundness, and the law excuses no man for his ignorance 
about the horse. 

The cunning and bold dealers, or jockeys, who know 
how to disguise the faults, peculiarities, etc., will manage to 
deceive the purchaser by all sorts of tricks. It behooves 



86 MOW TO BUY HORSES. 

every person, therefore, in examining a horse, not to be in too 
great a hurry. The man not posted will honestly cheat 
you, and the jockey, or expert dealer, will "laugh in his 
sleeves" and cheat you also. 

What is to be done with such chances against you? 

The purchaser should study the horse and read law, 
and purchase horses from responsible parties. Have a 
written statement — a guarantee that the horse is as recom- 
mended to be. The warranty, by law, means just what it 
reads. Make it read to suit yourself, and have the man 
you buy from sign his name to it. If you find that the 
horse was unsound at the time you bought him, or has faults 
guaranteed not to have, return the animal and demand your 
money back. Should the demand not be granted, your 
doctor in this case would be some good lawyer. 

You would be supposed to find out any unsoundness 
in a reasonable time, and would have to prove that the 
animal was guaranteed, hence the value of a written war- 
ranty, and a responsible man to fall back upon. A verbal 
warranty before witnesses, is equally binding in law. 

Note the following grand characteristics of the thorough- 
bred horse : 

Shortness of back; chest expansive and deep; length 
and shape of the quarters like the hound; an ankle like the 
deer; sharpness of ear; fullness of eye; splendor of tail; a 
warrior's spirit that has no fear ; a beauty in form and move- 
ments of grace; intelligence and gentleness are seen in the 
face. 

A horse possessing these characteristics can safely be 
purchased, if sound, as a model animal, and will be highly 
appreciated as a family horse. 



Barrenness, or Sterility. 



-^Yftfc 



This is the cause of much loss to owners of fine animals 
in this country, and a remedy is very much needed. You 
should search for the cause and remove it. It may be 
traced to some of the following causes: 

Improper food; lack of exercise; over-feeding of food 
that produces a fatty degeneration of certain organs, and 
thus leads to permanent sterility. And, too, the opposite 
condition may be the cause — the want of nutritious food, 
causing a lack of vigor. 

There are cases where an over-excited condition of the 
sexual organs has prevented conception, the animal being 
repeatedly in heat and yet not conceive. 

A remedy especially adapted to this case is needed, and 
a cure can be effected. In other cases there is a lack of heat 
seasons, and a prescription is called for to tone up and excite 
the sexual instinct of these special organs. Address the 
author of this work, giving full details of the case, and 
inclose one dollar, and a specific remedy will be sent you, 
prepaid, with full directions for using, etc. 



BARRENNESS AND STERILITY. 89 

The mare or cow which seems well fitted in every way 
for breeding, and } r et remains barren, should be served by 
some other animals, as it may be the fault of the sire. Should 
this be the case, he should receive attention, and be retired 
from the field of hard service, for a time at least. 

There are, sometimes, adnormal conditions of the 
ovaries and uterus in the female, and any attempt to remedy 
these defects are vain. Yet adverse claims are ignorantly 
made by keepers of stallions, in favor of so-called "opening 
up." (Os-uteri) The writer thinks the most practical plan 
is to ascertain the exact cause of the difficulty, and give it 
special attention and proper treatment. 




Parturition. -Foaling in Mares and 
Calving in Cows. 



Assistance is necessary in complicated cases. As a 
rule, however avoid interference. Authors claim so long as 
the bag of water has not burst there is no occasion for 
action. When labor pains have continued for a reasonable 
time, an examination should be made to know that the posi- 
tion is natural— the fore feet first, the head between the 
feet, back upwards. 



90 PARTURITION. 

Many unnatural positions are met with, which demand 
assistance. Make examination between the pains, and find 
just what position you have to contend with, and consider 
which is the most practical way to place the colt or calf in 
the natural position. Should you find the colt or calf with 
tail first, between the pains press back the foetus, (colt or 
calf), take hold of the hock of one leg and pull at it, and 
reach the foot, keeping the leg well bent so as not to injure 
the womb, and bring the foot forward; treat the other foot 
in the same manner. The back should be upwards, and 
when the animal labors bring the feet forth and deliver the 
body. Always correct the position first, and do your work 
between pains. 

A position often met with is, fore feet presented, head 
back Push back on the feet until the head can be seized, 
and pull it down between the feet. This needs a long arm. 
An ear, or the socket of an eye can be reached; a loop of 
cord pushed over the nose and brought outside. Press 
back always between the labor pains, any of the 
parts not wanted, and closely double the leg, pulling on the 
knee, or hock, and then bring forward the foot and legs, 
if not in a natural position. This should be done 
gently, yet forcibly, and when you have corrected the wrong 
presentations, apply force only when the animal strains. 

Injuries to the womb during delivery, when assistance 
has been required, may give rise to excessive bleeding. 
The use of Secale, given in small doses, five drops in one 
ounce of water, every five minutes for three doses, will 
cause the womb to contract and stop the bleeding. Follow 
this with a few hour doses of the Fever Remedy, then 
every two or three hours, according to the pulse, 



ABORTION. 91 

ABORTION. 



In the mare or cow, premature delivery is often due to 
accident, such as blows, strains, and over-exertion, or falls; 
it sometimes occurs, during the period of other diseases. 
Frequently when one cow aborts, others in the same stable 
will do likewise. Hence, a cow threatened with such 
trouble should be placed in a stable by herself. 

The slinking, or premature dropping of the calf, is fre- 
quently a great loss to the farmer and dairyman. This 
trouble is caused, too, by feeding wet, frosted, and mouldy 
fodder; smutty, or mouldy grain, ergoted corn, etc. The 
feeding of too rich food will also predispose slinking. 

Symptoms: — Dullnes; loss of appetite and rumination; 
hollow flanks ; a yellowish colored discharge, and at times 
straining. 

Remove the animal to a stable by herself; give light 
diet. If the cow is fat, reduce the quantity of feed, and if thin 
in flesh, give an increase of food after a few days. Should 
the calf be expelled dead, it should be buried, as well as the 
afterbirth, and the cow should not be allowed to mingle 
with others until entirely well. The carelessness of the. 
person in charge of cows, in allowing a cow in this condi- 
tion to run with others, is inexcusable, and the dangerous 
results can not be estimated. 

For fever resulting from slinking, give the Fever 
Remedy, repeating the dose according to the conditions of 
the animal. 



MILK FEVER IN COWS. 




Milk Fever in Cows. 

Milk fever occurs before the third day after calving* 
The cow is down for thirty-six hours, as the disease is of 
that duration. Attendants must remain with the animal all 
the time 

Give thirty drops of Fever Remedy in an ounce of 
water, every hour, for at least twelve hours; then every 
two hours. The cow's urine should be drawn with a cath- 
eter once a day, at least as long as the cow remains down, 
unless it should be passed in a reasonable time. Vet- 
erinary services will be required to do this. After twenty- 
four hours, injections of warm water should be used to move 
the bowels. Under no circumstances allow a physic to be 
given. Why? Because there is partial paralysis of the 
extremeties, bladder and bowels, an inactive conditon of the 
stomach, and the cow cannot be purged. The object is to 
control congestion and inflammation. You will find the 
pulse sixty to one hundred in this disease. Should the cow 
live for thirty-six hours, you may look for recovery. Keep 
the animal in an upright position while lying, by bolstering 



RETAINED AFTERBIRTH. 93 

up with straw, and turn her from side to side every six 
hours; do not allow her to lay flat on her side. If there is 
great heat in the head, apply cloths wet with cold water, at 
the base of the brain. Cases of puerperal apoplexy die. 
The last five cases of milk fever treated by the writer, re- 
covered by the above method, however, this disease is con- 
sidered very fatal. As a preventive, give the cow after 
calving a few doses of the Fever Remedy, every three or 
four hours the. first day, every six hours the second, and 
three doses on the third day. In addition to this medicine 
great care must be exercised in feeding. The food should 
be clean, light and wholesome. 



Retained Afterbirth. 

In the mare it should come away immediately following 
the delivery. A retention for a few days in the cow, does 
no harm under ordinary circumstances: but if it is protracted 
longer than the third day, the hand should be introduced 
and the afterbirth separated carefully, peeling it off from the 
walls of the uterus. Cases that have fever, should be given 
the Fever Remedy as per directions. Afterwards the Veg- 
etable Tonic Powders can be given with benefit. 



Bloating, or Hoven in Cattle. 



In all cases of emergency, the owner should not hes- 
itate to puncture the ruman at sight. The operation is very 
simple; On the left side draw a line from the last rib to the 



94 GARGET, CAKED BAG IN COWS. 

most prominent part of the hip bone; cross it with a line 
drawn downwards, in an opposite direction, and where these 
two lines cross is the place to puncture. Use the blade of your 
pocket knife at once, if the animal js liable to suffocate, as 
death terminates quickly in some cases, and hundreds of 
dollars are lost that could have been saved by this treatment. 
Farmers interested largely in cattle should have a trochar 
and canula for this operation, Give such cases two or three 
doses of Colic Remedy to neutralize the gas in the stomach. 
When symptoms are not too urgent, the Colic Remedy will 
cure. Give twenty or thirty minute doses until cured. 
Now tone up the stomach by giving one or more doses of 
the Tonic Powders each day. 



Garget, Caked Bag in Cows. 



The milk must be frequently drawn, and the udder 
bathed with hot water for thirty minutes at a time, three 
times a day, and use Gove's Liniment, diluted, as directed, 
freely after each bath. Should the swelling be great, Hop 
Poultice can be placed within a wide bandage over the 
udder. Such cases have fever in first stage, and should take 
Fever Remedy in a little bran every three or six hours, 
until pulse is natural. See pulse in the ox. 



Sore Teats. 



The teats of a cow should be thoroughly dried after 
the milk is drawn. Take Glycerine, four ounces; Carbolic 
Acid, ten drops; soft water, four ounces. Mix. 



LICE ON CATTLE AND HORSES. 95 

This makes one-half pint lotion. Apply by rubbing on 
with the hands, after each milking. This preparation will 
be found equally good for chapped hands. 



Lice on Cattle and Horses. 



Mix one ounce of Carbolic Acid in one gallon of soft 
water, and wash the animal thoroughly with it. This will 
destroy the lice, but the nits will hatch out, and a second 
application will be necessary in a few days, to exterminate 
them entirely. 

Powdered Aloes dusted into the hair is distructive to 
the whole louse tribe. It is the bitterness of the Aloes that 
kills the vermin, not its poisonous properties. This can be 
used in cold weather, and is entirely harmless to the animal. 



Loss op Appetite in Cows. 



Loss of appetite in cattle is mostly only a symptom of 
disease, and generally disappears with the disease which it 
accompanies. But we sometimes meet with cases where 
there is a dislike to a particular kind of food. Overloading 
the stomach will often occasion loss of appetite for several 
days. In the latter case a teaspoonful of Tonic Powders 
in one-half pint of warm water, given every three hours, 
will usually restore the appetite. Very light feed should be 
given for a few days. If there is thirst, water often in reas- 
onable quantities. 



96 HOLLOW HORN. 

Purgative for Cattle. 



In some cases the following purgative is beneficial: 
Take Sulphate of Magnesia, one to two pounds, mixed in 
ten or fifteen times the quantity of water, for cattle; for 
calves, use three to six ounces. 

After the physic has operated, give the Tonic Horse 
and Cattle Powders, as per directions, to tone up the 
digestive organs. 



Hollow Horn, Horn Ail, Wolf in the 
Tail, Loss op Cud, Etc. 

IMAGINARY DISEASES. 

If there is general debility, poor condition, hide bound, 
and irregular appetite, these are symptoms of indigestion. 

Give good care and nutritious food, and treat the 
animal with Tonic Horse and Cattle Powders. 

Loss of Cud, rumination, or chewing, is a symptom 
of, and not a disease. It accompanies all diseases of any 
importance, and is one of the first symptoms noticed by the 
farmer. 

Find out the cause and treat the disease itself, never 
mind the cud. When rumination is resumed again, it is a 
good symptom that the animal is better. 

Hollow Horn. — It is said that dehorning cattle is a 
sure preventive and cure for the imaginary disease, hollow r 
horn. 

Detailing Cattle has been suggested by very prac- 
tical men as a sure cure for supposed wolf in the tail. 

The writer thinks sawing off the horns of cattle suf- 
ficiently barbarous, without the amputation of the tail. 



POISONING IN ANIMALS. 97 

Poisoning in Animals. 

Poisoning in animals is usually owing to accidents; 
sometimes due to forcing down excessive doses of dangerous 
drugs as medicines; or consuming with their food some 
noxious plant or other injurious agent. It is seldom known 
what poison has been taken. It is considered a safe practice 
to act at once, in accordance with the following rules : 

i. Administer at once a full dose (one to three pints,) 
of Sweet Oil, Lard or Linseed Oil. 

2. Follow this with repeated doses of Lime Water, 
Powdered Chalk, of Powdered Charcoal, mixed with water. 

3. If great exhaustion and sinking follow, and signs of 
drowsiness without inflammation of the stomach, give strong 
black coffee, whisky is recommended also. Let the patient 
drink freely of eggs stirred up in water, or give milk; if not 
at hand, flour and water, and move the bowels by injections. 



How to Measure the Medicine. 



WINE MEASURE. 

Sixty Drops One Drachm. 

Eight Drachms One Ounce. 

Sixteen Ounces One Pint. 

Eight Pints One Gallon. 

Or, use as follows: 

Sixty Drops — One Teaspoonful One Drachm. 

Four Teaspoonfuls — One Tablespoonful. . One-half Ounce. 

One Wineglassful Two Ounces. 

One Teacupful Four Ounces. 

One Tincupful (Pint Cup) One Pint. 



96 



DRUGS AND MEDICINES. 

Drugs and Medicines. 



Following is an alphabetical list of the drugs and 
medicines prescribed in this book, Gove's six preparations 
not included: 



Alcohol. 

Arnica. Tincture 
Atropia. Sulphate 
Aloes. Powdered 
Acid. Carbolic 
Acid. Phosphoric 
Belladonna. Tincture 
Boneset Tea. 
Calomel. 

Charcoal. Willow 
Cosmoline Ointment. 
Coal Oil. 

Cantharides. Tincture 
Chalk. Powdered 
Copper. Sulphate 
Flaxseed Tea 
Flour Gruel. 
Fowler's Solution. 
Ginger. Tincture 
Gentian. Powdered 
Glycerine. 
Gum Camphor. 



Hop Poultice. 

Hamamelis. Fluid Ex. 

Lime Water. 

Lime. Fresh Slacked 

Magnesia. Sulphate 

Nux Vomica. 

Opium. Tincture 

Oil Meal Poultice. 

Oil. Raw Linseed 

Oil of Tar. 

Oat Meal Gruel. 

Oak. White Oak Bark. 

Potash. Chlorate 

RhusToxcondendron. Tinct 

Santonine. 

Secale. Tincture 

Starch Gruel. 

Turpentine. Spirits of 

Zinc. Sulphate 

Zinc. Oxide 

Zinc. Chloride 



For formulas which contain the above drugs, doses, 
etc., see diseases explained and prescribed for in the fore- 
going pages. 



MEDICINES TO BE KEPT ON HAND. 99 

Medicines to be Kept on Hand. 

The following should be kept in every house, or stable, 
where there are horses and cattle: 

Veterinary Gove's Six Remedies, and this book, 
in case complete. 

These additional remedies, with a plain label affixed to 
each, separately: 

Carbolic Acid Two Ounces. 

Sulphate of Zinc Four Ounces. 

Cosmoline Ointment One Pound. 

The three latter medicines can be prepared when 
needed, as per wounds and injuries. See page 76 for full 
directions, etc. 

The other remedies prescribed in this book for special 
cases, can be obtained at any drug store, when needed. 




Gove's 
Veterinary Remedies. 



How to Obtain Them. 



The author of this book is sole proprietor of the 
formulas for Gove's Veterinary Remedies herein prescribed. 
The remedies are prepared ready for use, with labels 
attached to each, giving full directions, doses, etc. The six 
remedies and this book, nicely packed in cedar case, all 
complete for Five Dollars, sent by express, C. O. D., 
charges prepaid. Single remedies sold at stated prices. 
Make your order for not less than Two Dollar's worth, and 
they will be delivered at your nearest express office, C. O. 
D., free of charges. When ordering give full address, and 
nearest express office, and the same will receive careful and 
prompt attention. 

Address all orders to G. H. Gove, V. S., Massillon, O. 



SUMMARY. 101 

Summary. 



In conclusion, I would say that Gove's remedies are 
not recommended as cures for every disease discribed in 
this book. There are many prescriptions given in their re- 
spective places, which are not, however, copied from any 
old horse book, but are selected from the author's own 
formulas, and have been thoroughly tested during his year's 
of experience and practice. 

If the reader of these pages is so aided as to be able to 
locate and treat successfully, the common and dangerous 
diseases of animals, such knowledge and means should be 
invaluable, as many animals are lost through the delay in 
getting veterinary aid in time, or in sending off for medicine. 
The writer would recommend that in all critical cases the 
safest course is to employ a competent veterinarian, if one 
is available. 

Veterinary Gove's six remedies, and this book in con- 
nection, is intended especially for the horse owner and 
farmer not within reach of competent doctors; also for times 
which call for immediate use of such remedies. 

Most respectfully yours, 

GEO. H. GOVE, Author. 

For reference see testimonials. 



102 TESTIMONIALS. 



TESTin^onsri^^XjS. 



Letter from DR. W. F. DERR, Veterinary 
Surgeon, of Wooster, Ohio. 



The Doctor is a Graduate of Ontario Vet- 
erinary College, Toronto, Canada, also, 
Assistant State Veterinarian. 



The following is his letter, under date of Jan. i4, 1889: 

DR. GEO. H. GOVE, 

Massillon, Ohio. 
DEAR DOCTOR: 

In regard to a testimonial from me, in relation 
to your remedies, and your diagnosis and treatment, as a 
guide for the farmer and horse owner, I would say: The 
testimonials you furnish from reliable horse owners, are 
very good evidence of the merits of your remedies, and as 
for myself, will say: From personal acquaintance and 
knowledge of your long experience as a Veterinary 
Practictioner, and your success in practice, is sufficient 
evidence for me to certify as to your ability to furnish the 
farmer and horse owner with remedies and guide which 
would be invaluable to those not within reach of a compe- 
tent veterinary , and also at times which call for the imme- 
diate use of such remedies. 

Respectfully yours, 

W. F. DERR. 



TESTIMONIALS. 103 

Massillon, O, Feb. iS, 1889. 
To Whom it May Concern: 

I work from eighteen to twenty horses in the Bus and Coach Line, 
and Veterinary Geo. H. Gove has been employed to attend all critical cases 
for nine (9) years, during this time emergencies have frequently demanded 
the immediate use of his Remedies. Suffice to say, I have not up to this 
time lost a horse; I would not be without the Doctor's Colic Remedy 
for the best horse in my stable. 

H. V. Kramer, 
Proprietor of Bus and Coach Line, Massillon, O. 



Russell & Co. have employed G. H. Gove, V. S., to do their vet- 
erinary work since 1872. We always keep his Colic Medicine on hand for 
immediate use, and know it to be a safe, reliable, and effective cure; there- 
fore recommend it to all horse owners. Thos. H. Russell, Supt. 
February 7, 1887. 



Dr. George H. Gove : 

In your successful treatment of the various diseases appearing 
among our horses for a number of years past, we take pleasure in stating 
that your Colic Preparation has given perfect satisfaction. Relieving 
promptly, aRd the animals when relieved always apparently returning to 
their normal condition immediately, showing no effects of drugging, loss 
of appetite, or languor. Very truly yours, 

Massillon, O., May 7, 1886. Warthorst & Co, 



G. H. Gove, F. 5. .• 

During the twelve years you were located at my stables, I saw- 
better results from the use of your Colic Medicine, than any other rem- 
edy used during my experience of twenty years in the livery business. I 
keep it in my stable for immediate use, and no owner of horses can afford 
to be without it, as it is invaluable. Peter Gribble, Liveryman, 

February 7, 1887, Massillon, O. 



Massillon, O. Feb. 5, I887, 
From experience, we believe Veterinary Geo. H. Gove's Colic 
Medicine the most reliable remedy for colic in horses, and would not be 
without it. J. D. Frank & Co. 



104 TESTIMONIALS. 

Massillon, O., Feb. 4, 18S7. ] 
For three years I have used Gove's Colic Medicine for the Fire 
Department horses, and have had several bad cases during that time. It 
always gave prompt relief. 

G. M. Richardson, In charge of Horses. 



June, 28, 1888. 
Dr. Gave-. 

One of my horses had a bad attack of colic and diarrhoea; two 
doses of your Colic Remedy gave prompt relief. 

J. S. Freeman, Farmer, 

Massillon, O. 



Massillon, O., June 30, 1888. 
Geo. H y Gove y V. S. : 

Dear Sir: — I have used your remedies for several 
years and the results were always satisfactory. A valuable horse, sick 
with inflammation of the lungs, was treated with your Fever Remedy, and 
the disease was broken up in twenty-four hours. No doubt but the animal 
would have had a siege of Lung Fever, only for the timely use of the 
Fever Remedy. Your book explaning diseases, and containing many of 
your private prescriptions, as a guide for the farmer, in connection with 
remedies prepared ready for use at a moments notice, surely provides the 
stock owner with what he can not well afford to be without. From ex- 
perience I know this to be a fact. Truly yours, 

C. V. Hammersmith. 



Canton, O, Jan. 20. 1889. 
Geo. H. Gove y V. S. y 

Dear Sir:— The case of remedies purchased of you 
two years ago, has been of much use to me. While on the farm my horses 
had influenza; your Fever and Cough Remedies were used with good 
results. Two cows became badly bloated, and they were promptly cured 
with your Colic Remedy. I also cured a case of colic in Canton. Your 
combination of remedies are invaluable to any stock owner. 

Truly yours, 

Alpheus Fierstoss. 



TESTIMONIALS. 105 

Mt. Eaton, O, Jan, 8. 1889. 
Geo. H. Gove, V. S.\ 
Massillon, O. 

Dear Sir: Inclosed find $1.00, for which send me by 
mail your Cough Remedy. My bay horse that had the heaves was entirely 
cured by the use of that remedy two years ago. A neighbor wants this for 
his horses. Send at once, and oblige, 

A. Maurer. 



Canal Fulton, O., Jan. 22, 1889. 
Geo. H. Gvve, V. S., 
Massillon, O. 

Dear Sir: — I have had several year's experience in 
the use of your horse remedies for my stock, and always met with success. 
I recommend them highly to all stock owners. Also, your Colic Remedy 
surpasses anything I ever used for colic. I have cured a number of calves 
and colts with this same remedy, that had bad attacks of diarrhoea, or 
scoures. Yours truly 

L. D. Mathie. 



Massillon, Ohio, Jan. 19, 1889. 
Geo. H. Gove, V. S. 

As a testimonial in favor of your Remedies, you may state that 
your Cough Remedy, less than twenty doses, cured a fine horse with 
chronic cough which I bought for fifty dollars, ($50.) on acount of a very 
troublesome, long-standing cough which he had. In a very short time I 
sold the animal, which was then sound, at a good profit, and the purchaser 
has since refused $180 for the same animal. From experience, I know 
your Liniment to be a most efficient remedy for acute sprains and injuries; 
and your Colic Remedy recommends itself whenever given a trial. 
Your prepared Remedies with your new book, will give the horse owner 
and farmer a valuable combination. Truly yours. 

D. T. Frank. 



106 TESTIMONIALS. 

Lake Park Farm, Canton, O., Aug. 22, 1888. 
Geo. H. Gove, V. S. : 

Dear Sir: — Your letter at hand asking how my stallions, Black 
Cloud (2: 17X), Wamba Mosco, and Red Jacket are doing since you fixed 
their teeth. My reply is, they are doing elegantly. Your work has given 
entire satisfaction , I see a great change in their way of feeding. Dentistry 
is as necessary for horse as man, in my mind. 

Yours truly, 

Ed. J. Meyer. 



Perry Township, Stark Co. O. Jan. 28, 1889. 
Geo. H. Gove, V. S n 
Massillon, O. 
Dear Sir: — I have had experience in the use of your Horse 
Remedies and they have given perfect satisfaction. Your Colic Remedy 
has cured severe cases of colic for me, and it has also helped my neighbors 
out in emergencies several times. I am positive that the immediate use of 
your Colic Remedy has saved the life of more than one horse in my 
neighborhood. I would advise every horse owner, and especially farmers, 
to keep your remedies on hand ready for use at a moment's warning. 

Yours very truly, 

John Stephan, Jr. 



INDEX. 



A 

Abortion in the Mare 91 

Abortion in the Cow 91 

Afterbirth, Retained . . 93 

Age of Horses 48 

Atrophy — Sweeney ' 68 

Animal Heat 13 

Azoturia 79 

Appetite, loss of in Cows.. 95, 96 

B 

Barrenness — Sterility 88 

Bone Spavin Lameness 59 

Bots 44 

Bone Spavin and King Bone 

Cure 9 

Bladder, Disease of 83 

Bloating or Hoven in Cattle. . 93 

Bleeding Wounds 77 

Blister and Irritant 9, 54 

Bruise of the Shoulder 69 

Breathing in Health 13 

Bronchitis 26 

Burns and Scalds 30 

c 

Calving in Cows 89 

Caked Bag in Cows 94 

Cattle Powders 10 

Carbolic Acid Lotion 76 

Caustic for Proud Flesh 77 

Cause of Indigestion and 

Colic 37, 38 

Coffin Joint Lameness 55 

Choking 46 

Chills '..' 25, 26 

Chronic Cough 28 

Counter Irritant (Sweeny).. 54, 68 

Colic Remedy 8 



c 

Colic in its different forms. . . 39 

Congestion of the Lungs.... 23 

Cough Remedy 8 

Congestive Chill 25 

Coughs 7, 8, 26, 28, 29 

Corns and Inflammation of 

the Feet 73 

Cramp of the Leg 67 

Curb 63 

D 

Diseases, How to Locate 12 

Diseases of Digestion 37 

Diseases of the Brain and 

Nervous System 16 

Diseases of the Breathing Or- 
gans 23 

Diseases of the Urinary Or- 
gans 82 

Diseases of the Eye 21 

Digestive Organs 36 

Dislocation of the Patella 66 

Distempers, Influenza 31 

Disinfectant 35 

Diarrhoea 41 

Dysentery, Acute 42 

Dysentary, Colts and Calves, 43 

Diabetis, Profuse Stalling 82 

Dentistry 110 

Drugs Prescribed 98 

Drugs to be kept on hand.. 99 

E 

Epizootic 31 

Epilepsy 18 

Eye Diseases 21 

Eye Injuries 21, 22 



108 



INDEX. 



Fever Remedy 7 

Flatulent Colic 39 

Founder in the Feet. 57 

Foaling in Mares 89 

Fistulous Withers 70 

Fits 18 

Formulas, Gove's 100 

G 

Garget in Cows 94 

Gleet, Nasal 33 

Glanders 33, 35 

Gove's Remedies, How to 

Obtain Them 100 

Grease Heel 69 

Gravel in the Foot 73 

Gruel (Strengthening) 26 

Gruels, for Diarrhoea 41 

H 

How to Locate Diseases 12 

How to give the Medicine . . 14 

How often to Give the Dose 15 

How to measure the Medicine, 97 

How to tell the Age of Horses, 48 

How to Locate Lameness... 52 
How to Locate Coffin Joint 

Disease 56 

How to tell the Pulse 12 

How to Feed and Water. . .37, 38 

How to buy Horses = . . 85 

How to treat Wounds 76, 77 

How to obtain Gove's Reme- 
dies 100 

Horse Dentistry 110 

Horse Shoeing 71 

Horse Powders 10 

Heaves 29 

Hip Lameness 65 

Hide Bound, Cause of 37, 38 

Hoven in Cattle 93 

Healing Lotion 76, 77 

Hollow Horn, Horn Ail, etc. . 96 

I 

Inflammation of the Lungs. . . 23 

Inflammation of the Pleura. . . 27 



I 

Inflammation of the Larynx. . 28 

Inflammation of the Brain ... 17 

Inflammation of the Bowels. . 40 

Inflammation of the Throat . . 44 
Inflammation of the Air 

Passages 23, 33 

Inflammation of the Udder in 

Cows 94 

Inflammation of the Bladder . 83 
Inflammation of the Kidneys. 83 
Inflammation of the Lymphat- 
ics 67 

Inflammation of the Feet 73 

Indigestion, acute 39 

Influenza 31 

Intestinal Worms 43 

Indigestion, chronic, causes,.. 37 

K 

Kidneys, Inflammation of 83 



Laryngitis 28 

Lung Fever 23 

Laminitis 57 

Lampas 50 

Lock Jaw J 9 

Lymphangitis 67 

Lice on Cattle 95 

Loss of Appetite in Cows .... 95 

Liniment 9 

Loss of Cud, Indigestion. . .95, 96 

Lameness in the Horse 52 

Lameness, How to Locate, 

52, 53, 54 

Lameness, Acute 54 

Lameness, Navicular, or Cof- 
fin Joint 55 

Lameness from Bone Spavin.. 59 

Lameness from Splint 59 

Lameness from Ring Bene. . . 61 

Lameness from Side Bone ... 62 

Lameness from Curb 63 

Lameness of Shoulder 64 

Lameness of Hip 65 

Lameness from Rheumatism. 65 

Lameness of the Stifle 66 



INDEX. 



109 



M 

Mad Staggers 17 

Mange 74 

Megrims, Epilepsy 18 

Milk Fever 92 

Meningitis, spinal 20 

Medicines, How to Measure . . 97 

Medicine to be kept on hand. . 99 

N 

Nail in the Foot. 73 

Never Slip Horse Shoe Ill 

Nasal Gleet 33 

Navicular Disease 55 

o 

Open Joint 78 

Ointment, Healing ...... 77 



Paralvsis, Different Forms ... 20 

Parturition 89 

Pleurisy 27 

Pneumonia 23 

Posture, Mode of 14 

Poultices 45, 56, 58 

Poisoning 97 

Purgative for Cattle 96 

Pink Eve 31 

Pulse in Health 12 

Prescriptions for Wounds .... 76 

Proud Flesh 77 

Puerperal Fever 92 

R 

Rheumatism 65, 66 

Respiration in Health 13 

Ring Bone Lameness 61 

Remedies, Gove's Six, How to 

Obtain them 100 

Retained Afterbirth 93 

References 102 



Shoulder Lameness 64 

Shoulder Bruise 69 

Shoulder Abscess 69 

Shoeing the Horse 71 

Sprain of Stifle 66 

Sprained Tendons 63 

Spinal Disease 20 

Spasmodic Colic 39 

Spavin Lameness 59 

Spavin Cure 9 

Scours 41,42, 43 

Scratches 69 

S weeny 68 

Swelled Leg 67 

Side Bone Lameness 62 

Splint Lameness 59 

Stepping on Nails 73 

Staggers, Sleepy 16 

Staggers, Mad 17 

Stifle Out, 66 

Sore Throat 44 

Sprains, Acute 54 

Sore Teats in Cows. .♦ 94 

Slinking in Cows 91 

Sterility 88 

T 

Tendons, Strained 63 

Tetanus, Lock-jaw 19 

Tonic Horse and Cattle Pow- 
ders 10 

Thrush, Diseased Frog 73 

Testimonials, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106 

w 

Wounds and Injuries 76, 77 

Wounds, Bleeding 77 

Wounds, Prescriptions for .76, 77 

Wounds in the Feet 73, 74 

Warts 74, 75 

Worms 43, 44 

Wolf in the Tail of Cows .... 96 

z 

Zinc Healing Lotion 76 





Horse Dentistry. 



£ffif2- 



This important branch of Veterinary Science has been 
made a specialty by the author of this book, during his 
experience and practice. 

There is not a grander work of humane treatment to 
animals than special attention to horses' teeth. 

The many diseases and bad habits, caused by irregu- 
larities of the teeth are successfully cured without medicine. 

The most nervous animal submits to treatment with- 
out resistance, if operated upon by an expert. 

VISITS MADE TO ANY POINT BY SPECIAL 
ARRANGENENT. 



GEO. H. GOVE, V. S. 




Horsemen, 
Attention ! 



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